Regulation of cell division during plant vascular development

植物维管发育过程中细胞分裂的调节

• 批准号: BB/H019928/1
• 负责人: Simon Turner
• 金额: $ 56.74万
• 依托单位: University of Manchester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FH019928%2F1
• 关键词: Regulation; cell; division; during; plant

Wood is used for a variety of products from pulp and paper to building material. Wood is essentially composed of specialised plant cell walls. Woody tissue is found in a variety of plants in addition to trees and is mostly made of sugars bonded together into long and sometimes complex polymers. It has also recently been suggested that if we could release these sugars efficiently it might be possible to make the next generation of biofuels or process wood to form a variety of different chemicals. Increasing world population and affluence has led to increased demand for food and to ensure that the demand for non-food based plant material does not impinge of food production it is necessary to find ways to increase woody tissue production. The long generation time of trees make it impractical for any studies that involve breeding, however, it is possible to use a small weed known as Arabidopsis to study many of the same processes that regulate wood formation in trees. We are able to undertake many experiments in Arabidopsis relatively quickly and identify the mechanisms that regulate the formation of woody tissue in Arabidopsis. We can then use this information to test if the same mechanisms work in trees. So far we have been able to identify genes in Arabidopsis that regulate woody tissue formation and these same genes are sufficient to increase wood formation in trees suggesting that the mechanism is conserved. We have also used Arabidopsis to identify two transcription factors that appear to be involved in regulating the division of wood forming cells. Transcription factors are proteins that turn on or off many other genes and in this case altering the levels of these transcription factors can alter the amount of woody tissue, but has many other undesirable affects. We will use Arabidopsis to identify which genes these transcription factors bind to. We will then test to what extent the so-called 'downstream genes' are specifically able to increase the amount of woody tissue formed. Once we have established which genes are able to do this in Arabidopsis, we will test for the ability of these genes to increase wood formation in trees.

木材被用于各种产品，从纸浆和纸张到建筑材料。木材基本上是由特殊的植物细胞壁组成的。除了树木之外，木质组织还存在于各种植物中，主要是由糖结合在一起形成长的、有时是复杂的聚合物组成的。最近也有人提出，如果我们能够有效地释放这些糖，就有可能制造下一代生物燃料，或者将木材加工成各种不同的化学物质。世界人口和富裕程度的增加导致了对粮食的需求增加，为了确保对非食品性植物材料的需求不影响粮食生产，有必要设法增加木质组织的产量。树木的世代时间很长，这使得任何涉及育种的研究都是不切实际的，然而，使用一种名为拟南芥的小杂草来研究许多调节树木木材形成的相同过程是可能的。我们能够相对较快地在拟南芥中进行许多实验，并确定调控拟南芥木质组织形成的机制。然后，我们可以使用这些信息来测试同样的机制是否在树上起作用。到目前为止，我们已经能够在拟南芥中鉴定出调节木质组织形成的基因，这些相同的基因足以增加树木的木材形成，这表明这种机制是保守的。我们还利用拟南芥鉴定了两个似乎参与调节木材形成细胞分裂的转录因子。转录因子是启动或关闭许多其他基因的蛋白质，在这种情况下，改变这些转录因子的水平可以改变木质组织的数量，但也有许多其他不良影响。我们将使用拟南芥来鉴定这些转录因子与哪些基因结合。然后我们将测试所谓的“下游基因”在多大程度上能够特别增加木质组织的生成量。一旦我们确定了哪些基因能够在拟南芥中做到这一点，我们将测试这些基因增加树木木材形成的能力。

项目成果

WOX4 and WOX14 act downstream of the PXY receptor kinase to regulate plant vascular proliferation independently of any role in vascular organisation.

• DOI: 10.1242/dev.091314
• 发表时间: 2013-05
• 期刊: Development (Cambridge, England)
• 作者: Etchells JP;Provost CM;Mishra L;Turner SR
• 通讯作者: Turner SR

Plant vascular cell division is maintained by an interaction between PXY and ethylene signalling.

通过PXY和乙烯信号传导之间的相互作用来维持植物血管细胞分裂。

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1002997
• 发表时间: 2012
• 期刊: PLoS genetics
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Etchells JP;Provost CM;Turner SR
• 通讯作者: Turner SR

Wood Formation in Trees Is Increased by Manipulating PXY-Regulated Cell Division.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2015.02.023
• 发表时间: 2015-04-20
• 期刊: CURRENT BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 9.2
• 作者: Etchells, J. Peter;Mishra, Laxmi S.;Kumar, Manoj;Campbell, Liam;Turner, Simon R.
• 通讯作者: Turner, Simon R.