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Deconstructing the polysaccharide matrix of the Magnaporthe oryzae wall: Deciphering the role of Gel remodelling enzymes

解构稻瘟病菌壁的多糖基质：破译凝胶重塑酶的作用

基本信息

批准号：
BB/J008923/2
负责人：
Sarah Gurr
金额：
$ 38.89万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ008923%2F2
关键词：
Deconstructing polysaccharide matrix Magnaporthe oryzae

项目摘要

Two of the major global challenges for the next century will be how to ensure global food security and how to contend with emerging diseases. No pathogens are more deadly to plants than fungi - fungal diseases decimate our harvests and cause widespread malnutrition and starvation. But the burden of disease is increasing as global climate change hastens the geographic spread and the variety of plants infected. Hence, there is an immediate need to address this problem for both social and economic reasons. Three crops, that is wheat, rice and maize, occupy some 40% of our global crop-land. Of these, rice feeds half the world's peoples, and will become yet more import as the population expands by 3 billion over the next 40 years. The rice blast fungus poses a very significant threat to rice and to global food security, given its ability to host "hop", that is, spread to new grass species. Disease can reduce the rice harvest by nearly a third, with catastrophic consequences in countries where rice is the main source of nutrition. It also acts as a model system for understanding the major cereal diseases of the UK. We need new antifungal chemistries which destroy fungal spores and so prevent spread of disease. Such chemistries must be environmentally-friendly, active at low doses and be cheap and accessible.We will look at the processes which align and cement the polysaccharide building blocks into the framework of the fungal wall and will attempt to interfere with such activities. Nothing is known of these processes in the rice blast fungal wall, save for our recent work at Oxford. We have shown that one pivotal component of the wall framework is abundantly expressed during germination and that it adds short sugars onto and into the wall. When we remove the gene that contributes to this activity from the fungus it still grows, albeit feebly, but causes considerably less disease, and sheds some of its wall as it does so. This shed wall debris appears to trigger an early disease protection mechanism in the plant. We want to know more about this and, eventually, other components that cement other sugars onto and into the wall and alter its stiffness and whether they too boost disease immunity in the plant. Moreover, we have demonstrated that an environmentally-benign PuriCore chemistry, used to preserve supermarket salads in USA, is antifungal and that it affects wall integrity. We have shown that low doses of this chemistry prevents germination, leads to spore collapse and the shedding of wall moieties. We wish to understand better this cell wall perturbant, its impact on wall turnover and whether it causes a change in the sugar meshwork of the wall. We are uniquely placed to undertake this work with all necessary tools and technologies available to us.

下个世纪的两大全球性挑战将是如何确保全球粮食安全以及如何应对新出现的疾病。对植物来说，没有比真菌更致命的病原体了——真菌疾病摧毁了我们的收成，造成了广泛的营养不良和饥饿。但是，随着全球气候变化加速了地理传播和受感染植物的种类，疾病的负担正在增加。因此，出于社会和经济原因，迫切需要解决这一问题。小麦、水稻和玉米这三种作物占据了全球约40%的耕地。其中，大米养活了世界上一半的人口，随着未来40年人口增加30亿，大米将变得更加重要。稻瘟病真菌对水稻和全球粮食安全构成了非常重大的威胁，因为它具有寄主“啤酒花”的能力，即传播给新的牧草物种。疾病可使水稻收成减少近三分之一，给以水稻为主要营养来源的国家带来灾难性后果。它还作为了解英国主要谷物疾病的模型系统。我们需要新的抗真菌化学物质来破坏真菌孢子，从而防止疾病的传播。这类化学物质必须对环境无害，在低剂量下具有活性，而且价格便宜且易于获得。我们将研究将多糖构建块对齐并粘合到真菌壁框架中的过程，并将尝试干扰此类活动。除了我们最近在牛津的研究，我们对稻瘟病真菌壁的这些过程一无所知。我们已经证明，在萌发过程中，细胞壁框架的一个关键成分大量表达，它将短糖添加到细胞壁上和细胞壁中。当我们从真菌中去除促成这种活动的基因时，它仍然生长，尽管虚弱，但引起的疾病要少得多，并且在此过程中脱落了一些壁。这种棚壁碎片似乎触发了植物的早期疾病保护机制。我们想知道更多关于这一点，最终，其他成分，将其他糖粘在壁上并改变其硬度，以及它们是否也能增强植物的疾病免疫力。此外，我们已经证明了一种环保的PuriCore化学物质，用于保存美国超市沙拉，是抗真菌的，它影响壁的完整性。我们已经证明，低剂量的这种化学物质会阻止发芽，导致孢子崩溃和细胞壁脱落。我们希望更好地了解这种细胞壁扰动，它对细胞壁周转的影响，以及它是否会导致细胞壁糖网的变化。我们处于独特的地位，可以利用所有必要的工具和技术来开展这项工作。