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Deconstructing the polysaccharide matrix of the Magnaporthe oryzae wall: Deciphering the role of Gel remodelling enzymes

解构稻瘟病菌壁的多糖基质：破译凝胶重塑酶的作用

基本信息

批准号：
BB/J008923/1
负责人：
Sarah Gurr
金额：
$ 46.08万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FJ008923%2F1
关键词：
Deconstructing polysaccharide matrix Magnaporthe oryzae

项目摘要

Two of the major global challenges for the next century will be how to ensure global food security and how to contend with emerging diseases. No pathogens are more deadly to plants than fungi - fungal diseases decimate our harvests and cause widespread malnutrition and starvation. But the burden of disease is increasing as global climate change hastens the geographic spread and the variety of plants infected. Hence, there is an immediate need to address this problem for both social and economic reasons. Three crops, that is wheat, rice and maize, occupy some 40% of our global crop-land. Of these, rice feeds half the world's peoples, and will become yet more import as the population expands by 3 billion over the next 40 years. The rice blast fungus poses a very significant threat to rice and to global food security, given its ability to host "hop", that is, spread to new grass species. Disease can reduce the rice harvest by nearly a third, with catastrophic consequences in countries where rice is the main source of nutrition. It also acts as a model system for understanding the major cereal diseases of the UK. We need new antifungal chemistries which destroy fungal spores and so prevent spread of disease. Such chemistries must be environmentally-friendly, active at low doses and be cheap and accessible.We will look at the processes which align and cement the polysaccharide building blocks into the framework of the fungal wall and will attempt to interfere with such activities. Nothing is known of these processes in the rice blast fungal wall, save for our recent work at Oxford. We have shown that one pivotal component of the wall framework is abundantly expressed during germination and that it adds short sugars onto and into the wall. When we remove the gene that contributes to this activity from the fungus it still grows, albeit feebly, but causes considerably less disease, and sheds some of its wall as it does so. This shed wall debris appears to trigger an early disease protection mechanism in the plant. We want to know more about this and, eventually, other components that cement other sugars onto and into the wall and alter its stiffness and whether they too boost disease immunity in the plant. Moreover, we have demonstrated that an environmentally-benign PuriCore chemistry, used to preserve supermarket salads in USA, is antifungal and that it affects wall integrity. We have shown that low doses of this chemistry prevents germination, leads to spore collapse and the shedding of wall moieties. We wish to understand better this cell wall perturbant, its impact on wall turnover and whether it causes a change in the sugar meshwork of the wall. We are uniquely placed to undertake this work with all necessary tools and technologies available to us.

下一个世纪的两大全球挑战将是如何确保全球粮食安全和如何对付新出现的疾病。对植物来说，没有病原体比真菌更致命--真菌疾病大量摧毁我们的收成，并导致广泛的营养不良和饥饿。但是，随着全球气候变化加速了受感染植物的地理传播和多样性，疾病的负担正在增加。因此，出于社会和经济原因，迫切需要解决这一问题。三种作物，即小麦、水稻和玉米，占据了我们全球耕地的40%。其中，大米养活了世界上一半的人口，随着未来40年人口增加30亿，大米将变得更加重要。稻瘟病菌对水稻和全球粮食安全构成了非常严重的威胁，因为它能够寄主“啤酒花”，即传播到新的草种。疾病可使稻米收成减少近三分之一，在以稻米为主要营养来源的国家造成灾难性后果。它也是了解英国主要谷物疾病的模型系统。我们需要新的抗真菌化学物质来摧毁真菌孢子，从而防止疾病的传播。这种化学物质必须是环境友好的，低剂量的活性，便宜和容易获得。我们将研究将多糖结构单元排列和粘合到真菌壁框架中的过程，并试图干扰这种活性。除了我们最近在牛津大学的工作外，对稻瘟病真菌壁中的这些过程一无所知。我们已经表明，一个关键组成部分的壁框架是大量表达在萌发过程中，它增加了短糖到墙上和墙。当我们从真菌中移除导致这种活动的基因时，它仍然生长，尽管很微弱，但引起的疾病要少得多，并且在这样做的时候，它的一些壁脱落了。这种棚墙碎片似乎触发了植物的早期疾病保护机制。我们想知道更多关于这一点，最终，其他成分，水泥其他糖到墙上和进入墙，并改变其刚度，以及他们是否也提高疾病免疫力的植物。此外，我们已经证明，在美国用于保存超市沙拉的环境友好的PuriCore化学物质是抗真菌的，并且它会影响壁的完整性。我们已经表明，低剂量的这种化学物质会阻止萌发，导致孢子崩溃和壁部分脱落。我们希望更好地了解这种细胞壁扰动，它对细胞壁周转的影响，以及它是否会导致细胞壁糖网的变化。我们处于独特的地位，能够利用我们所拥有的一切必要工具和技术开展这项工作。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Validation of Reference Genes for Robust qRT-PCR Gene Expression Analysis in the Rice Blast Fungus Magnaporthe oryzae.

水稻疫霉菌 Magnaporthe oryzae 中用于稳健 qRT-PCR 基因表达分析的参考基因验证

DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0160637
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
PloS one
影响因子：
3.7
作者：
Che Omar S;Bentley MA;Morieri G;Preston GM;Gurr SJ
通讯作者：
Gurr SJ

Investigating chitin deacetylation and chitosan hydrolysis during vegetative growth in Magnaporthe oryzae.

研究麦糖蛋白蛋白酶生长过程中的几丁质脱乙酰化和壳聚糖水解。

DOI：
10.1111/cmi.12743
发表时间：
2017-09
期刊：
Cellular microbiology
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Geoghegan IA;Gurr SJ
通讯作者：
Gurr SJ

Crop pests and pathogens move polewards in a warming world

DOI：
10.1038/nclimate1990
发表时间：
2013-11-01
期刊：
NATURE CLIMATE CHANGE
影响因子：
30.7
作者：
Bebber, Daniel P.;Ramotowski, Mark A. T.;Gurr, Sarah J.
通讯作者：
Gurr, Sarah J.

Chitosan Mediates Germling Adhesion in Magnaporthe oryzae and Is Required for Surface Sensing and Germling Morphogenesis.

DOI：
10.1371/journal.ppat.1005703
发表时间：
2016-06
期刊：
PLoS pathogens
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Geoghegan IA;Gurr SJ
通讯作者：
Gurr SJ

Emerging fungal threats to animal, plant and ecosystem health.

DOI：
10.1038/nature10947
发表时间：
2012-04-11
期刊：
NATURE
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Fisher, Matthew C.;Henk, Daniel. A.;Briggs, Cheryl J.;Brownstein, John S.;Madoff, Lawrence C.;McCraw, Sarah L.;Gurr, Sarah J.
通讯作者：
Gurr, Sarah J.