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Using flux control analysis to improve oilseed rape

利用通量控制分析来改良油菜

基本信息

批准号：
BB/L007320/1
负责人：
John Harwood
金额：
$ 44.12万
依托单位：
CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL007320%2F1
关键词：
Using flux control analysis improve

项目摘要

Oil crops are one of the most important agricultural commodities. In the U.K. (and Northern Europe and Canada) oilseed rape is the dominant oil crop and worldwide it accounts for about 12% of the total oil and fat production. There is an increasing demand for plant oils not only for human food and animal feed but also as renewable sources of chemicals and biofuels. This increased demand has shown a doubling every 8 years over the last four decades and is likely to continue at, at least, this rate in the future. With a limitation on agricultural land, the main way to increase production is to increase yields. This can be achieved by conventional breeding but, in the future, significant enhancements will need genetic manipulation. The latter technique will also allow specific modification of the oil product to be achieved. In order for informed genetic manipulation to take place, a thorough knowledge of the biosynthesis of plant oils is needed. Crucially, this would include how regulation of oil quality and quantity is controlled. The synthesis of storage oil in plant seeds is analogous to a factory production line, where the supply of raw materials, manufacture of components and final assembly can all potentially limit the rate of production. Recently, we made a first experimental study of overall regulation of storage oil accumulation in oilseed rape, which we analysed by a mathematical method called flux control analysis. This showed that it is the final assembly that is the most important limitation on the biosynthetic process. The assembly process requires several enzyme steps and we have already highlighted one of these, diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT), as being a significant controlling factor. We now wish to examine enzymes, other than DGAT, involved in storage lipid assembly and in supply of component parts. This will enable us to quantify the limitations imposed by different enzymes of the pathway and, furthermore, will provide information to underpin logical steps in genetic manipulation leading to plants with increased oil synthesis and storage capabilities. We will use rape plants where the activity of individual enzymes in the biosynthetic pathway have been changed and quantify the effects on overall oil accumulation.To begin with we will use existing transgenic oilseed rape, with increased enzyme levels, where increases in oil yields have been noted; these are available from our collaborators (Canada, Germany). For enzymes where there are no current transgenic plants available, we will make these and carry out similar analyses.Although our primary focus is on enzymes that increase oil yields, we will also examine the contribution the enzyme phospholipid: diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) makes to lipid production because this enzyme controls the accumulation of unsaturated oil, which has important dietary implications. In the analogous model plant Arabidopsis, PDAT and DGAT are both important during oil production.Once we have assembled data from these transgenic plants we will have a much better idea of the control of lipid production in oilseed rape. Our quantitative measurements will provide specific targets for future crop improvements. In addition, because we will be monitoring oil yields as well as flux control we will be able to correlate these two measures. Moreover, plants manipulated with multiple genes (gene stacking) will reveal if there are synergistic effects of such strategies. Because no one has yet defined quantitatively the oil synthesis pathway in crops, data produced in the project will have a fundamental impact in basic science. By combining the expertise of three important U.K. labs. with our world-leading international collaborators, this cross-disciplinary project will ensure a significant advance in knowledge of direct application to agriculture.

油料作物是最重要的农产品之一。在英国(以及北欧和加拿大)，油菜是主要的油料作物，在世界范围内，它约占油脂总产量的12%。对植物油的需求不断增加，不仅用于人类食物和动物饲料，而且还用作化学品和生物燃料的可再生来源。在过去的40年里，这种增加的需求每8年就会翻一番，未来可能至少会以这种速度继续增长。在农业用地有限的情况下，增产的主要途径是增产。这可以通过传统的育种来实现，但在未来，重大的改进将需要基因操作。后一种技术还将允许实现对石油产品的特定修改。为了进行知情的基因操作，需要对植物油的生物合成有透彻的了解。至关重要的是，这将包括如何控制石油质量和数量的监管。在植物种子中合成储藏油类似于工厂生产线，在那里，原材料的供应、零部件的制造和最终组装都可能限制生产率。最近，我们首次对油菜储油积累的总体规律进行了实验研究，并用流量控制分析的数学方法对其进行了分析。这表明，最终组装是生物合成过程中最重要的限制。组装过程需要几个酶步骤，我们已经强调了其中之一，二酰甘油酰基转移酶(DGAT)，是一个重要的控制因素。现在，我们希望检查DGAT以外的酶，这些酶与储存脂组装和成分供应有关。这将使我们能够量化该途径中不同酶施加的限制，并进一步提供信息，以支持基因操作中的合理步骤，从而使植物具有更高的油脂合成和储存能力。我们将使用生物合成途径中单个酶的活性发生变化的油菜植株，并量化其对总体含油量的影响。首先，我们将使用现有的转基因油菜，酶水平增加，注意到产油量增加；这些可从我们的合作者那里获得(加拿大、德国)。对于目前没有转基因植物的酶，我们将进行这些并进行类似的分析。虽然我们的主要重点是增加油脂产量的酶，但我们也将检查磷脂酶：二酰甘油酰基转移酶(PDAT)对脂肪生产的贡献，因为这种酶控制不饱和油脂的积累，这具有重要的饮食意义。在类似的模式植物拟南芥中，PDAT和DGAT在油脂生产中都是重要的，一旦我们收集了这些转基因植物的数据，我们就会对油菜脂肪生产的控制有更好的了解。我们的定量测量将为未来的作物改良提供具体目标。此外，由于我们将监测石油产量和流量控制，我们将能够将这两项措施联系起来。此外，用多个基因操纵的植物(基因堆积)将揭示这种策略是否存在协同效应。由于还没有人对农作物中的油合成途径进行定量定义，该项目产生的数据将对基础科学产生根本性影响。通过结合三个重要的英国实验室的专业知识。在我们世界领先的国际合作者的帮助下，这一跨学科项目将确保直接应用于农业的知识取得重大进展。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Transgenic manipulation of triacylglycerol biosynthetic enzymes in B. napus alters lipid-associated gene expression and lipid metabolism.

DOI：
10.1038/s41598-022-07387-x
发表时间：
2022-03-01
期刊：
Scientific reports
影响因子：
4.6
作者：
Liao P;Lechon T;Romsdahl T;Woodfield H;Fenyk S;Fawcett T;Wallington E;Bates RE;Chye ML;Chapman KD;Harwood JL;Scofield S
通讯作者：
Scofield S

Using lipidomics to reveal details of lipid accumulation in developing seeds from oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.).