Broadening the genetic diversity underpinning seed quality and yield related traits in mustard rape and oilseed rape

扩大芥菜和油菜种子质量和产量相关性状的遗传多样性

• 批准号: BB/L011751/1
• 负责人: Ian Bancroft
• 金额: $ 68.19万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FL011751%2F1
• 关键词: Broadening; genetic; diversity; underpinning; seed

Vegetable oils are an important part of the human diet, providing essential fatty acids. Amongst the most important oilseed crops, second in global production only to soybean, are the oilseed Brassica crops. These are principally the species B. napus (oilseed rape; cultivated widely in the UK) and B. juncea (mustard rape; cultivated widely in India). Both are recently-formed allotetraploids (containing the Brassica A and C genomes in the case of B. napus and the A and B genomes in the case of B. juncea), so both suffer from the complications arising from polyploidy and a lack of genetic diversity in breeding material. Broadening the genetic bases of the crops and identifying the genes underpinning trait variation are important objectives in both species.In addition to being important crops, the Brassica species represent an excellent system in which to study the evolution of genomes and the quantitative control of traits during the "diploidisation" process following polyploidy. All three diploid Brassica genomes (A, B and C) have been sequenced (those of B and C genomes are unpublished, but available under collaboration agreements). Powerful new technologies, based on Illumina transcriptome sequencing have been developed and applied to B. napus, enabling the development of a detailed gene-based genomic framework and the capability of associating, across diversity panels, trait variation with both gene sequence variation and gene expression variation.In the proposed research, we aim to understand the principle genetic bases underpinning quantitative variation of an initial set of traits of importance for the commercial production of both mustard rape and oilseed rape. In doing this, we will: (1) establish genomic resources for B. juncea to match those already developed by the group of IB for B. napus, (2) analyse the evolution of the B genome relative to those of the A and C genomes, (3) establish functional genotypes for a B. juncea diversity panel and an expanded B. napus panel, (4) identify candidate genes and alleles for crop improvement and (5) promote knowledge exchange with the breeding industries to facilitate crop improvement.The proposed research builds upon ongoing activities of the applicants, involves the sharing of genetic resources and includes a strong training element. The transcriptome corresponding to the B genome will be assembled to form a unigene set using Illumina mRNAseq data obtained from B. nigra. Leaf transcriptome sequencing will be undertaken for a B. juncea DH mapping population and used, in combination with unigenes corresponding to the A and B genomes for the construction of a detailed SNP linkage map. The linkage map will be used to organise genome sequence scaffolds of the A and B genomes into pseudomolecules that will be used to define hypothetical orders of unigenes in the A and B genomes of B. juncea. The evolutionary histories of the Brassica A, B and C genomes will be analysed, as observed in the diploid species and the allotetraploids B. juncea and B. napus, since their divergence from a common ancestor. Leaf transcriptome sequencing will be undertaken for a B. juncea diversity panel and additional lines of a B. napus diversity panel, SNP variation will be scored across the respective panels and transcripts quantified across all accessions. The diversity panels will be analysed, in suitable environments, for the variation of traits prioritised in consultation with the breeding and farming industries in India and the UK and used for Associative Transcriptomics analysis. The traits are anticipated to include seed composition traits analysed in the UK (content of oil, protein, glucosinolates, erucic acid, linolenic acid, tocopherols) and resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses analysed in India. Knowledge of the genetic bases for trait variation and markers for beneficial alleles will be generated and made available for crops.

植物油是人类饮食的重要组成部分，提供必需脂肪酸。在最重要的油料作物中，全球产量仅次于大豆的是油料作物芸苔属作物。主要是B种。napus（油菜;在英国广泛种植）和B。芥菜（芥菜油菜;在印度广泛种植）。这两个品种都是最近形成的异源四倍体（B含有芸苔属A和C基因组）。在B的情况下，A和B基因组。juncea），因此两者都遭受由多倍体和育种材料中缺乏遗传多样性引起的并发症。扩大作物的遗传基础和鉴定性状变异的基因是这两个物种的重要目标。除了是重要的作物之外，芸苔属物种代表了一个极好的系统，在其中研究基因组的进化和在多倍体之后的“二倍体化”过程中性状的定量控制。所有三个二倍体芸苔属基因组（A、B和C）都已测序（B和C基因组的测序尚未发表，但可根据合作协议获得）。基于Illumina转录组测序的强大新技术已经开发并应用于B。油菜，使详细的基因为基础的基因组框架的发展和关联的能力，跨多样性面板，性状变异与基因序列变异和基因表达variation.In拟议中的研究，我们的目标是了解的原则遗传基础基础的数量变化的一组初始的重要性状的商业生产的芥菜油菜和油菜。为此，我们将：（1）建立B的基因组资源。juncea以匹配IB组已经为B开发的那些。（2）分析B基因组相对于A和C基因组的进化;（3）建立B基因组的功能基因型。juncea多样性面板和扩展的B。（4）确定作物改良的候选基因和等位基因，以及（5）促进与育种行业的知识交流，以促进作物改良。拟议的研究建立在申请人正在进行的活动的基础上，涉及遗传资源的共享，并包括强有力的培训元素。使用从B获得的Illumina mRNAseq数据，组装对应于B基因组的转录组以形成单基因组。黑鬼将对B进行叶转录组测序。juncea DH作图群体，并与对应于A和B基因组的单基因组合用于构建详细的SNP连锁图谱。连锁图将用于将A和B基因组的基因组序列支架组织成假分子，假分子将用于定义B的A和B基因组中单基因的假设顺序。Juncea。将分析芸苔属A、B和C基因组的进化历史，如在二倍体物种和异源四倍体B中观察到的。juncea和B. napus，因为它们来自一个共同的祖先。将对B进行叶转录组测序。juncea多样性面板和a B的附加线。在欧洲油菜多样性小组中，将在各个小组中对SNP变异进行评分，并在所有加入物中量化转录物。将在合适的环境中分析多样性小组，以确定与印度和英国的育种和农业行业协商后优先考虑的性状变化，并用于关联转录组学分析。预计这些性状将包括在英国分析的种子组成性状（油、蛋白质、硫代葡萄糖苷、芥酸、亚麻酸、生育酚的含量）和在印度分析的对各种生物和非生物胁迫的抗性。有关性状变异的遗传基础和有益等位基因标记的知识将产生并提供给作物。