Exploring chemical 'de-priming' and quantitative genetics to improve growth and yield of soybean under abiotic stress.

探索化学“去启动”和定量遗传学，以改善非生物胁迫下大豆的生长和产量。

• 批准号: BB/R019894/1
• 负责人: Anna Amtmann
• 金额: $ 65.67万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FR019894%2F1
• 关键词: Exploring; chemical; de; priming; quantitative

One of the first changes in plants exposed to environmental stress is an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS). During evolution, plants have 'learned' to interpret increased ROS as an early warning signal, and to use it as a trigger to induce physiological and biochemical responses that improve their chances of survival. Plant scientists are trying to understand the molecular components of stress signaling pathways and to exploit this information to develop strategies that can improve the stress tolerance of crops in the field. This is particularly important in India where the agricultural production of nutritious crops such as soybean is limited by environmental and climatic challenges arising from soil salinity, drought, water-logging and/or high temperature.'Chemical priming' has been proposed as a strategy to enhance the natural stress responses of a plant, for example through pre-treatment with low doses of ROS or ROS-producing agents. Indeed, faster or stronger induction of stress responses and improved plant stress tolerance has been reported for ROS-primed plants. However, our previous research in India has shown that the opposite approach - preventing early stress signaling by applying low concentrations of ROS-scavenging agents such as thiourea (TU) - also improves stress tolerance. The solution to this conundrum is likely to reside in the exact environmental condition ('stress scenario') under which tolerance is tested. To ensure survival, plants tend to prepare for the worst-case scenario. One would therefore expect that enhancing the natural plant responses through priming increases survival under severe long-term stress. However, in an agricultural setting some of the natural responses may be unnecessary and unwanted by the farmer. For example, production of stress-protective metabolites is energetically costly and can delay growth and development of the crop. Furthermore, some responses induced by one stress factor may exacerbate problems generated by another stress factor, e.g. closing stomata saves water under salt/drought stress but disables leaf cooling which is essential for combatting heat stress. Thus, if severe long-term stress does not occur, or is prevented through ad-hoc agricultural measures, crop varieties that ignore early stress signals ('happy-go-lucky' plants) could be better suited to farming in India than stress-sensitive ('panicky') varieties that induce strong stress responses. The aim of scenario-driven strategies would be to narrow the margin between actual and possible yield in a given stress situation.Following this line of argumentation we propose here a research programme that explores the benefits of both chemical and genetic de-priming for soybean production in Indian agriculture. Based on detailed physiological assays in the laboratory and yield data from field experiments we will establish a dose-effect curve of TU-treatments and determine the specific stress scenarios in which this approach improves soybean performance. The optimised TU formulation can immediately be applied in the field. In the longer term, TU application should be replaced by new custom varieties that are hard-wired to ignore early stress signals. To facilitate the development of 'happy-go-lucky' varieties we will therefore also investigate through RNA-sequencing the molecular processes that are targeted by TU, and carry out a genome-wide association study (GWAS) under single and combined salt/TU treatment. GWAS is possible with soybean because a large panel of accessions with re-sequenced genomes is already available. Correlating phenotypic data (root system architecture, biomass, yield) across these accessions with the genomic data will allow us to identify the genetic loci that underpin TU-modulation of stress responses. The information will enable the development of scenario-based custom varieties with improved stress tolerance through marker-assisted breeding or gene editing technology.

暴露于环境胁迫的植物的第一个变化之一是活性氧（ROS）的增加。在进化过程中，植物已经“学会”将增加的ROS解释为早期预警信号，并将其用作引发生理和生化反应的触发器，以提高其生存机会。植物科学家正试图了解胁迫信号通路的分子组成，并利用这些信息来开发可以提高作物田间胁迫耐受性的策略。这在印度尤其重要，因为大豆等营养作物的农业生产受到土壤盐碱化、干旱、洪涝和/或高温等环境和气候挑战的限制。“化学引发”已被提出作为增强植物的自然胁迫反应的策略，例如通过用低剂量的ROS或ROS产生剂预处理。事实上，已有报道称，经ros引发的植物可以更快或更强地诱导应激反应并提高植物的应激耐受性。然而，我们之前在印度的研究表明，相反的方法-通过应用低浓度的ROS清除剂如硫脲（TU）来防止早期应激信号-也可以提高应激耐受性。这个难题的解决方案可能在于测试耐受性的确切环境条件（“应力条件”）。为了确保生存，植物往往会为最坏的情况做好准备。因此，人们会期望通过引发增强天然植物反应增加在严重的长期胁迫下的存活。然而，在农业环境中，一些自然反应可能是农民不必要和不想要的。例如，生产胁迫保护代谢物在能量上是昂贵的，并且可以延迟作物的生长和发育。此外，由一种胁迫因素诱导的一些反应可能加剧由另一种胁迫因素产生的问题，例如，在盐/干旱胁迫下关闭气孔节省水，但使叶片冷却失效，这对于对抗热胁迫是必不可少的。因此，如果没有发生严重的长期压力，或者通过临时农业措施加以预防，忽视早期压力信号的作物品种（“随遇而安”的植物）可能比诱导强烈压力反应的压力敏感（“恐慌”）品种更适合印度农业。的目的是缩小实际和可能的产量在给定的压力situation. Following这条线的论证，我们在这里提出了一个研究计划，探讨化学和遗传去引发在印度农业大豆生产的好处。基于实验室详细的生理测定和田间试验的产量数据，我们将建立TU处理的剂量效应曲线，并确定这种方法提高大豆性能的特定胁迫情景。优化的TU配方可以立即应用于现场。从长远来看，TU应用应该被新的定制品种所取代，这些品种是硬连接的，可以忽略早期的压力信号。因此，为了促进“随遇而安”品种的开发，我们还将通过RNA测序研究TU靶向的分子过程，并在单一和组合盐/TU处理下进行全基因组关联研究（GWAS）。GWAS对大豆是可能的，因为已经有大量基因组重新测序的种质。将这些种质的表型数据（根系结构、生物量、产量）与基因组数据相关联，将使我们能够确定支持TU调节胁迫反应的遗传位点。这些信息将有助于通过标记辅助育种或基因编辑技术开发出具有更好的抗逆性的巴西定制品种。

项目成果

Environmental Regulation of PndbA600, an Auto-Inducible Promoter for Two-Stage Industrial Biotechnology in Cyanobacteria.

• DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.619055
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Frontiers in bioengineering and biotechnology
• 影响因子: 5.7
• 作者: Madsen MA;Hamilton G;Herzyk P;Amtmann A
• 通讯作者: Amtmann A

Environmental modulation of exopolysaccharide production in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis 6803.

• DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12697-9
• 发表时间: 2023-10
• 期刊: APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY AND BIOTECHNOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Madsen, Mary Ann;Semerdzhiev, Stefan;Twigg, Jordan D.;Moss, Claire;Bavington, Charles D.;Amtmann, Anna
• 通讯作者: Amtmann, Anna

Epigenetic processes in plant stress priming: Open questions and new approaches.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2023.102432
• 发表时间: 2023-07
• 期刊: Current opinion in plant biology
• 影响因子: 9.5
• 作者: C. Harris;A. Amtmann;J. Ton

Cell-type specific transcriptional networks in root xylem adjacent cell layers

• DOI: 10.1101/2022.02.04.479129
• 发表时间: 2022-02
• 期刊: bioRxiv
• 作者: Maria Amparo Asensi Fabado;E. A. Armstrong;L. Walker;Giorgio Perrella;G. Hamilton;P. Herzyk;M. Gifford;A. Amtmann