REGULATION AND EVOLUTION OF MULTIGENE FAMILIES

近年来，多基因家族的重要性已变得显而易见。 真核生物基因组的特征。基因家族对于 发展，因为它们的成员在复制后经常多样化， 并在不同的细胞或不同的时间表达 发展。多元化的成员有利于分析 在发育过程中调节基因表达的分子机制，以及 这些机制的演变。这样的研究显然是健康的。 相关的，因为正确调控的基因表达是 适当的发展和健康。 果蝇和蚕蛾的绒毛膜(蛋壳)基因家族 表现出高度的组织、时间和空间调节 发展和高度保守的监管机制在 在面临相当大的结构多样化的情况下，发展。拿走 绒毛膜顺式调控特性研究的最新进展 元素和假定的反式作用(CF)因素，我们打算研究 进化背景下的调节蛋白质-DNA相互作用，使用 飞蛾A/B.L12和苍蝇S15启动子。具体目标是： 1.定位Fly Cf因子的A/B.L12启动子结合位点。 2.要验证哪些CF成分在体内确实是受调节的，使用 细胞培养检测与细胞因子检测相结合对细胞生长的影响 通过染色质的免疫沉淀在体内启动。 3.克隆和鉴定这些具有重要功能的飞蛾同源基因 各种因素。 4.详细研究DNA识别特性及作用机制 从果蝇和果蝇中精选出功能上重要的CF因子 飞蛾，以期理解进化的悖论 面对启动子序列，保守的绒毛膜基因调控 多元化。

In recent years it has become obvious that multigene families are important features of eukaryotic genomes. Gene families are especially important for development, since their members frequently diversify after reduplication, and come to be expressed in different cells or disparate times during development. Diversified members are favorable for analysis of the molecular mechanisms that regulate gene expression in development, and of the evolution of these mechanisms. Such studies are clearly health related, insofar as correctly regulated gene expression is fundamental to proper development and health. The families of chorion (eggshell) genes of fruitflies and silkmoths exhibit a high degree of tissue, temporal and spatial regulation during development and high conservation of regulatory mechanisms during evolution, in the face of considerable structural diversification. Taking advantage of recent progress in characterizing chorion cis-regulatory elements and putative trans-acting (CF) factors, we intend to study regulatory protein-DNA interactions in an evolutionary context, using the moth A/B.L12 and the fly s15 promoters. The specific objectives are: 1. To map on the A/B.L12 promoter binding sites for fly CF factors. 2. To verify which CF components are indeed regulatory in vivo, using a combination of cell culture assays and detection of CF factors on the promoter in vivo through immunoprecipitation of chromatin. 3. To clone and characterize moth cognates of these functionally important factors. 4. To study in detail the DNA recognition properties and mechanisms of selected functionally important CF factors, from both Drosophila and the moth, with a view towards understanding the paradox of evolutionarily conserved chorion gene regulation, in the face of promoter sequence diversification.