BEHAVIORAL CONTROL OF BREATHING

呼吸的模式在不同的州都有变化--大概是因为 改变脑干呼吸神经元的输入。 这些输入包括 那些在清醒状态下的行为控制--可能还有快速眼 运动睡眠--它们可能会增加或减少呼吸。 小 已知这些传入神经与脑干呼吸的相互作用 神经元 本文提出的是关于整合的假设的测试 呼吸系统中与状态相关的传入神经。 这 假设提出，状态相关的传入参与一类 作为传入神经之间接口的呼吸细胞， 非呼吸形式和振荡器的呼吸细胞。 这些 界面的细胞，有人提出，具有呼吸活动， 被非呼吸输入所削弱和扭曲， states. 相比之下，其他呼吸细胞， 振荡器，具有强烈和一致呼吸活动， 对非呼吸输入无反应，受 状态 界面的细胞与细胞之间的相互作用模式 振荡器的细胞是未知的。 然而，假设A 当呼吸被激活时，前者的子集被激活以抑制后者。 停止了行为。 为了验证这些想法，呼吸活动 将在延髓和脑桥呼吸组中记录神经元 在睡眠和觉醒期间，在呼吸的行为控制期间，以及 对感官刺激的反应。 这些研究对完整的，未麻醉的 动物对于理解人类的行为控制 呼吸，睡眠呼吸，非呼吸传入神经整合 在呼吸系统中，呼吸系统的性质 振荡器

The patterns of breathing change across states--presumably because of changing inputs to brainstem respiratory neurons. These inputs include those for behavioral control in wakefulness-and possibly in rapid eye movement sleep--, and they may increase or decrease respiration. Little is known of the interaction of these afferents with brainstem respiratory neurons. Proposed herein are tests of a hypothesis about the integration of state-related afferents within the respiratory system. This hypothesis proposes that state-related afferents engage a class of respiratory cell that acts as an interface between afferents having nonrespiratory forms and the respiratory cells of the oscillator. These cells of the interface, it is proposed, have respiratory activity that is weakened and distorted by nonrespiratory inputs that change in different states. In contract, other respiratory cells, putatively those of the oscillator, have strong and consistent respiratory activity, are unresponsive to nonrespiratory inputs and less affected by changed in state. The mode of interaction of the cells of the interface with the cells of the oscillator is unknown. It is assumed, however, that a subset of the former is activated to inhibit the latter when breathing is stopped behaviorally. To test these ideas, the activity of respiratory neurons will be recorded in the medullary and pontine respiratory groups during sleep and wakefulness, during behavioral control of breathing, and in response to sensory stimuli. These studies of intact, unanesthetized animals are significant for understanding behavioral control of breathing, breathing in sleep, integration of nonrespiratory afferents within the respiratory system, and the nature of the respiratory oscillator.