BEHAVIORAL CONTROL OF BREATHING

呼吸的模式在不同的州之间发生变化--大概是因为 改变脑干呼吸神经元的输入。这些输入包括 那些在清醒状态下的行为控制--可能在快速眼球状态下 运动睡眠--它们可能会增加或减少呼吸。一点儿 已知这些传入神经与脑干呼吸的相互作用 神经元。这里提出的是对关于积分的假设的检验 呼吸系统内与国家相关的传入神经。这 假说认为，与国家相关的传入参与了一类 呼吸细胞，充当传入细胞之间的接口，具有 非呼吸道形式和振荡器的呼吸细胞。这些 据推测，界面的细胞具有呼吸活动，即 被非呼吸系统输入削弱和扭曲，这些输入在不同的 各州。在合同中，其他呼吸系统细胞，假设是那些 振荡器，具有强烈和一致的呼吸活动，是 对非呼吸系统输入无反应，受变化影响较小 州政府。接口的单元格与 振荡器的单元是未知的。然而，假设一个 前者的子集被激活以抑制后者，当呼吸 停止了行为。为了检验这些想法，呼吸系统的活动 延髓呼吸组和桥脑呼吸组将记录到神经元 在睡眠和清醒期间，在呼吸的行为控制期间，以及 对感官刺激的反应。这些完整的、未被麻醉的 动物对于理解动物的行为控制具有重要意义 呼吸，睡眠中的呼吸，非呼吸性传入的整合 在呼吸系统内，以及呼吸系统的性质 振荡器。

The patterns of breathing change across states--presumably because of changing inputs to brainstem respiratory neurons. These inputs include those for behavioral control in wakefulness-and possibly in rapid eye movement sleep--, and they may increase or decrease respiration. Little is known of the interaction of these afferents with brainstem respiratory neurons. Proposed herein are tests of a hypothesis about the integration of state-related afferents within the respiratory system. This hypothesis proposes that state-related afferents engage a class of respiratory cell that acts as an interface between afferents having nonrespiratory forms and the respiratory cells of the oscillator. These cells of the interface, it is proposed, have respiratory activity that is weakened and distorted by nonrespiratory inputs that change in different states. In contract, other respiratory cells, putatively those of the oscillator, have strong and consistent respiratory activity, are unresponsive to nonrespiratory inputs and less affected by changed in state. The mode of interaction of the cells of the interface with the cells of the oscillator is unknown. It is assumed, however, that a subset of the former is activated to inhibit the latter when breathing is stopped behaviorally. To test these ideas, the activity of respiratory neurons will be recorded in the medullary and pontine respiratory groups during sleep and wakefulness, during behavioral control of breathing, and in response to sensory stimuli. These studies of intact, unanesthetized animals are significant for understanding behavioral control of breathing, breathing in sleep, integration of nonrespiratory afferents within the respiratory system, and the nature of the respiratory oscillator.