CONTROL OF BREATHING: INFLUENCES OF UPPER AIRWAY ORIGIN

我们研究的总体目标是研究感官的作用 上呼吸道对呼吸控制的影响 健康和疾病。我们建议继续对喉传入的研究。 以及麻醉后自主呼吸的成年狗的反射。在……里面 此外，还将研究上呼吸道功能的发育变化。 在一个新生的狗模型中。大脑皮层单个纤维的动作电位 喉上神经和/或各种上呼吸道的肌电 肌肉将与食道压力和喉部一起监测 大多数研究中的温度。他们有五个主要目标：1) 阐明气流引起反射反应的机制 通过上呼吸道。拟议的研究应该确定 喉部机械感受器抑制剂或冷感受器刺激或 两者都是在气流过程中观察到的通风抑制的原因。 通过新生儿的上呼吸道，2)确定发育变化 喉腔内二氧化碳对呼吸模式的影响。一个更伟大的 二氧化碳对新生儿呼吸的反射性抑制是可以预测的。3)至 确定传入通路并表征传入反应 高频时观察到的介导支气管痉挛的神经末梢 上呼吸道压力波动，4)研究其影响 呼吸道表面液体成分和渗透压的变化 喉部传入反应，并进一步表征行为。 快速适应喉部末端，5)确定相对 不同上呼吸道肌群在维持上呼吸道功能中的作用 上呼吸道通畅。这些研究应该会提供有关 与上呼吸道维护相关的流程，并可能阐明我们的 新生儿阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停的病理生理认识 呼吸暂停和婴儿猝死综合征。

The overall objective of our research is to study the role of sensory influences originating from the upper airway on respiratory control in health and disease. We propose to continue studies on laryngeal afferents and reflexes in anesthetized spontaneously breathing adult dogs. In addition, developmental changes in upper airway functions will be studied in a neonatal dog model. Action potentials from single fibers of the superior laryngeal nerve and/or electromyogram of various upper airway muscles will be monitored together with esophageal pressure and laryngeal temperature in most studies. Their are five main objectives: 1) To elucidate the mechanism involved in reflex responses elicited by airflow through the upper airway. the proposed research should establish that either laryngeal mechanoreceptor inhibitor or cold receptor stimulation or both are responsible for the ventilatory depression observed during airflow through the upper airway in neonates, 2) To determine developmental changes in the effects of intralaryngeal CO2 on breathing pattern. A greater reflex inhibition of breathing by CO2 is predicted in neonates. 3) To determine the afferent pathway and characterize the response of afferent nerve endings mediating the bronchospasm observed during high frequency pressure oscillations in the upper airway, 4) To investigate the influences of changes in airway surface liquid composition and osmolality on the response of laryngeal afferents and characterize further the behavior of rapidly adapting laryngeal endings, 5) To determine the relative contribution of various upper airway muscle groups in the maintenance of upper airway patency. These studies should provide new information on the processes involved in upper airway maintenance and may clarify our understanding of the pathophysiology of obstructive sleep apnea, neonatal apnea and sudden infant death syndrome.