CONTROL OF BREATHING--INFLUENCES OF UPPER AIRWAY ORIGINS

呼吸控制——上呼吸道起源的影响

• 批准号: 3344480
• 负责人: OOMMEN P MATHEW
• 金额: $ 3.28万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-08-01 至 1986-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3344480
• 关键词: apnea; denervation; electromyography; larynx muscle; mechanoreceptors; neck; posture; premature infant human; pulmonary respiration; respiratory airflow disorder; respiratory airway pressure; respiratory hypoxia; sudden infant death syndrome; tracheotomy; vagotomy

Influence of upper airway pressure changes on control of breathing will be studied. Special emphasis will be given to the respiratory timing and to the peak activity of diaphragm and upper airway muscles such as genioglossus. In anesthetized, tracheostomized, spontaneously breathing rabbits, the upper airway will be isolated into a closed system so that pressure changes can be made at will. Diaphragm and genioglossus muscle electromyograms will be recorded with bipolar fine electrodes. In the first two studies, using a servo respirator triggered by the genioglossus muscle activity, negative and positive pressure pulses (magnitude: 5 or 10 cm. water; duration 200 msec) will be applied to the isolated upper airway either early or late in inspiration or expiration. Alteration in peak muscle activity as well as the alterations in respiratory duration (inspiratory and expiratory durations) of the experimental breaths will be compared to their respective control values. In the third study, the role of upper airway mechanoreceptors in the genioglossus response to neck flexion will be evaluated. The peak genioglossus muscle activity during neck flexion when the animal is breathing throught the nose will be compared to tracheostomy breathing. Similarly, the increase in genioglossus activity during neck flexion will be compared to similar values obtained after bilateral superior laryngeal nerve section in some animals and after midcervical vagotomy in others. In the fourth protocol, the effect of various levels of hypoxia and hypercarbia on the reflex response to upper airway pressure changes will be determined. These influences (large cyclic negative pressure, neck flexion, hypoxia and hypercarbia) are usually present in obstructive apnea. Such apnea are seen in a variety of clinical states: adults and children with sleep apnea, premature infants and, possibly, in SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). The proposed projects are anticipated to provide valuable insight into the maintenance of upper airway patency in such conditions.

上呼吸道压力变化对呼吸控制的影响将是 研究了 将特别强调呼吸时间和 膈肌和上呼吸道肌肉的峰值活动， 颏舌肌 在麻醉，气管造口术，自主呼吸 兔，上气道将被隔离成封闭系统， 可以随意改变压力。 膈肌和颏舌肌 用双极精细电极记录肌电图。 在 前两项研究，使用由颏舌肌触发的伺服呼吸器 肌肉活动、负压和正压脉冲（幅度：5或10 厘米水;持续时间200毫秒）将应用于隔离的上气道 吸气或呼气的早期或晚期。 峰值变化 肌肉活动以及呼吸持续时间的改变 实验呼吸的持续时间（吸气和呼气持续时间）将 与其各自的对照值相比。 在第三项研究中， 上呼吸道机械感受器在颏舌肌对颈部刺激反应中的作用 将评价屈曲。 颏舌肌活动峰值 当动物呼吸时，颈部弯曲，鼻子将 与气管切开术呼吸相比。 同样， 颈部屈曲期间的颏舌肌活动将与类似的 在一些患者中，双侧上级喉神经切断后获得的值 动物和其他人的颈中迷走神经切断术后。 在第四协议中， 不同程度的低氧和高碳酸血症对反射的影响 将确定对上气道压力变化的响应。 这些 影响（大循环负压、颈部屈曲、缺氧和 高碳酸血症）通常存在于阻塞性呼吸暂停中。 这样的呼吸暂停被认为是 在各种临床状态下：患有睡眠呼吸暂停的成人和儿童， 早产儿，可能还有婴儿猝死综合症（SIDS）。 拟议的项目预计将提供宝贵的见解， 在这种情况下维持上呼吸道通畅。