A SINGLE PROCESS THEORY OF VISUAL SEARCH

绝大多数视觉搜索研究表明，行为 是两种类型之一。 在某些情况下，容量似乎是 无限，并行处理刺激并且分散注意力 覆盖整个视野。 在其他情况下，容量似乎是 有限，刺激被连续处理，注意力集中 在单一刺激下。 双过程理论已被用来解释为什么 刺激材料的类型、练习的水平和一致性 刺激到反应的映射决定了两种类型中的哪一种 行为将被观察。 最近，有人认为双过程理论太过分了。 极端。 拟议研究的总体目标是开发一种 另一种单一过程理论可以更好地解释 随着刺激变化而发生的视觉搜索任务中的行为， 练习和绘图。 首先，将对中央模型进行测试 处理假设比较通道的数量变化 任务类型的可预测方式（费舍尔有限法则的扩展） 渠道模型）。 其次，将测试尺寸的变化。 有效视野随任务类型的变化而变化，使用 斯坦福研究所眼动仪。 这些结果将有助于确定 比较通道是否在视觉上空间排列 场。 最后，将测试对性能的影响 必须注意的关键特征数量的变化 已付。 这些结果将表明该系统的实际功能是否 比较渠道随着刺激、实践和经验的变化而变化。 映射。 当充分阐明时，单一过程理论应该提供 完整记述了渠道数量、关注焦点、 每个通道上的活动随着任务的性质而变化。 最后，上述研究具有应用意义。 特别是，它 可能有助于确定观察到的信息处理的来源 精神分裂症患者的缺陷。

The great majority of studies of visual search have suggested that behavior is either one of two types. In some cases, it appears that capacity is unlimited, stimuli are processed in parallel and attention is spread out over the entire visual field. In other cases, it appears that capacity is limited, stimuli are processed in series, and attention is narrowly focused on a single stimulus. Dual process theories have been used to explain why the type of stimulus materials, the level of practice and the consistency of the mapping of stimuli to responses determines which of the two types of behavior will be observed. Recently, it has been argued that the dual process theories are too extreme. The overall goal of the proposed research is to develop an alternative single process theory that can better explain the changes in behavior in visual search tasks that occur with changes in stimuli, practice and mapping. First, tests will be made of a model of central processing which assumes that the number of comparison channels varies in predictable ways with the type of task (an extension of Fisher's limited channel model). Second, tests will be made of changes in the size of the effective visual field which occur with changes in the type of task using a Stanford Research Institute Eye Tracker. These results will help determine whether the comparison channels are spatially arrayed over the visual field. Finally, tests will be made of the effect on performance of variations in the number of critical features to which attention must be paid. These results will suggest whether the actual function of the comparison channels is changing with changes in stimuli, practice and mapping. When fully articulated, the single process theory should provide a complete account of how the number of channels, the focus of attention, and the activity on each channel varies with the nature of the task. Finally, the above research has an applied significance. In particular, it may help determine the sources of the observed information processing deficits in schizophrenics.