LANGUAGE ORGANIZATION STUDIED BY CORTICAL STIMULATION

通过皮质刺激研究语言组织

• 批准号: 3412480
• 负责人: BARRY GORDON
• 金额: $ 40.96万
• 依托单位: JOHNS HOPKINS UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-04-01 至 1994-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3412480
• 关键词: association learning; auditory feedback; biological models; brain electrical activity; brain neoplasms; electrostimulus; epilepsy; human subject; language disorders; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neuropsychological tests; neuropsychology; psychological identification; reading; semantics; videotape /videodisc; visual feedback

This is a study of the functional and neuroanatomical architecture of language processes based on the reversible impairments produced by direct electrical cortical stimulation. Current neuropsychologic and neuroanatomic models all posit that language abilities are mediated by smaller, distinct processing components with specific interconnections. Some of these models specify the neuroanatomic loci of these components. The bulk of their evidence has been derived from studies of patients with fixed lesions and stable language impairments. However, this source has been part of the reason why these models have proven to be difficult to test adequately: Accidentally placed, relatively large, irreversible lesions make it difficult to fractionate the deficits that are actually present, or the true role that is played by those functions that remain. Direct, focal, electrical cortical stimulation has demonstrated the potential for overcoming some of these difficulties by being able to induce multiple, selective impairments of functions with complete reversibility. Accordingly, we will investigate the structure of reading, visual confrontation naming, and auditory comprehension through stimulation-induced deficits. Studies of static deficits on these tasks have proven to be very productive despite their limitations, and therefore should be particularly informative when deficits can be induced reversibly, and when different patterns of deficits can be produced in the same subject at different sites. Subjects will be patients with subdural electrode arrays implanted over the peri-Sylvian language regions, for clinical localization purposes prior to cortical resection for epilepsy or tumor. The first part of this study will seek to determine the nature of the deficit caused by stimulation, and establish optimal stimulation parameters. The second part will be single case studies of deficits found on clinical testing, to establish: (1) what components subserving task performance are impaired, (2) how these components are interrelated and (3) whether these relationships are the ones predicted by current theory or whether alternative representational or processing models are necessary. The third part of this proposal will relate the data on component impairments at specific cortical stimulation sites to cortical maps, by patient and by patient group. These data will therefore make a unique contribution to scientific and medical knowledge of language processes and of their cortical representations.

这是一项功能和神经解剖学的研究， 语言过程的结构基于可逆的 由直接的皮层电刺激产生的损伤。 目前的神经心理学和神经解剖学模型都认为， 语言能力是由更小的、不同的处理过程介导的 具有特定互连的组件。 其中一些模型 详细说明这些组件的神经解剖学位置。 大部分 他们的证据来自于对患有 固定的损伤和稳定的语言障碍。 但这 这些模型已经证明， 难以充分测试：意外放置， 相对较大的、不可逆的病变使得难以 实际存在的赤字，或真正的赤字， 这是由那些仍然存在的功能所发挥的作用。 直接， 局灶性皮层电刺激已经证明 克服其中一些困难的潜力， 诱发多种选择性功能障碍， 完全可逆性 因此，我们将调查 阅读结构、视觉对抗命名和听觉 通过刺激引起的缺陷来理解。 研究 事实证明，在这些任务上的静态缺陷是非常有成效的 尽管有其局限性，因此应该特别 当缺陷可以可逆地诱导时， 不同的赤字模式可以产生在同一个 在不同的网站上。 受试者将为以下患者： 在侧裂周围植入硬膜下电极阵列 语言区域，用于临床定位目的， 癫痫或肿瘤的皮质切除术。 第一部分 研究将寻求确定赤字的性质所造成的 刺激，并建立最佳刺激参数。 的 第二部分将是单一案例研究的缺陷， 临床试验，以确定：（1）哪些成分 任务表现受损，（2）这些组件是如何 （3）这些关系是否是 根据目前的理论预测， 代表性或处理模型是必要的。 第三 本建议书的一部分将涉及组件的数据 在特定皮层刺激部位对皮层的损伤 地图，按患者和患者组。 这些数据将 为科学和医学知识做出独特的贡献 语言过程及其皮层表征的研究。