IDENTIFICATION OF BIOCHEMICAL MARKERS IN SMOKERS BREATH

癌症问题：戒烟大大降低了患癌症的风险。 吸烟者中的肺癌，但旨在减少 吸烟有时很难评估。 自我报告的吸烟行为 通常是不可靠的;独立的生化验证是必要的， 验证调查数据并监测遵守情况。 癌症控制假说：我们的基本假设是， 的吸烟者含有挥发性有机化合物（VOC），可用于 确定吸烟者状态。 我们最近参与的一项研究发现， 吸烟者呼出气体中的苯浓度 远高于不吸烟者。 数据生成为 TEAM（Total Exposure Assessment Methodology）研究的一部分， 在纽约，一组受试者的呼吸中测量了人体暴露于VOC的情况。 球衣是个什么鬼 虽然获得了100-200种挥发性成分的数据， 每个参与者的呼吸，TEAM研究只集中在20个 预选化合物（包括苯），并忽略了其余的 测量呼吸中的挥发物 我们计划评估 完整的数据库（69个样本）来测试我们的假设。 建议的癌症控制干预措施：本研究的最终目标 一项研究计划是开发一种非侵入性探测器， 遵守吸烟干预策略，使用挥发性有机 呼出空气中的成分。 癌症控制研究阶段：在这里提出的探索性研究中， 首先使用一套特殊计算机对原始GC/MS数据进行处理 算法 此后，将筛选所有变量（GC/MS峰） 单独和组合使用，以获得统计学显著性， 单因素方差分析和逐步判别函数分析。 如果一个变量或变量的线性组合看起来是显著的， 我们将得出结论，它为区分 吸烟者和不吸烟者。 通常，专门为获取此类信息而设计的研究将 非常昂贵。 数据库已经存在的事实显然是一个 这是一个很大的优势，因为与产生原材料相关的主要成本 数据已经产生。

Cancer Problem: Cessation of smoking substantially decreases the risk of lung cancer among smokers, but the benefits of programs aimed at reducing smoking are sometimes difficult to assess. Self-reported smoking behavior is often unreliable; independent biochemical verification is necessary to validate survey data and monitor compliance. Cancer Control Hypothesis: Our basic hypothesis is that the exhaled breath of smokers contains volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that can be used to determine smoker status. A recent study in which we participated has found that benzene concentration in the exhaled breath of smokers is substantially higher than that of nonsmokers. The data were generated as part of the TEAM (Total Exposure Assessment Methodology) study, which measured human exposure to VOCs in the breath of a group of subjects in New Jersey. Although data were obtained on 100-200 volatile constituents in the breath of each participant, the TEAM study focused on only 20 preselected compounds (including benzene), and ignored the remaining measured volatiles in the breath. We plan to evaluate a subset of the complete data base (69 samples) to test our hypothesis. Proposed Cancer Control Intervention: The ultimate objective of this research program is to develop a noninvasive detector to validate compliance with smoking intervention strategies, using volatile organic constituents in expired air. Cancer Control Research Phase: In the exploratory study proposed here, the raw GC/MS data will be conditioned first using a set of special computer algorithms. Thereafter, all the variables (GC/MS peaks) will be screened both individually and in combination for statistical significance using one-way analysis of variance and stepwise discriminant function analysis. If a variable or linear combination of variables appears to be significant, we will conclude that it provides a basis for distinguishing between smokers and nonsmokers. Normally, a study designed especially to obtain such information would be very costly. The fact that the data base is already available is clearly a great advantage, since the major costs associated with generating the raw data have already been incurred.