Effect of True Puff Profile Replication on Machine-Generated Smoke Constituents

真实抽吸轮廓复制对机器生成的烟雾成分的影响

• 批准号: 7778349
• 负责人: Sydney Michael Gordon
• 金额: $ 14.69万
• 依托单位: BATTELLE CENTERS/PUB HLTH RES & EVALUATN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-03-01 至 2011-09-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7778349
• 关键词: Address; Adopted; Aerosols; Binding; Chemicals; Chemistry; Cigarette; Communities; Data; Devices; Drug Delivery Systems; Elasticity; Engineering; Equipment; Evaluation; Exposure to; Frequencies; Health; Human; Individual; Laboratories; Mainstreaming; Measures; Nicotine; Particle Size; Pattern; Procedures; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research Personnel; Risk; Sampling; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Testing; Time; Tobacco; Tobacco smoke; Tobacco use; Toxin; cohort; cost; design; exposed human population; instrument; particle; physical property; potential reduced exposure products; programs; public health relevance; public health research; replicator; research clinical testing; retinal rods

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In human testing of standard cigarettes and potential reduced exposure products (PREPs), puff topography is typically measured and programmed into smoking machines (puff replicators) to mimic human smoking. The resulting smoke emissions are tested for relative levels of harmful constituents. The puff topography data that is used is summary data; that is, the total puff volume is divided by the number of puffs to yield an average puff volume. The puff replicator is then programmed to reproduce the average puff, with steady, periodic parabolic waveform, and a fixed puff frequency, volume, and duration. Because humans smoke differently as the rod is consumed, and combustion chemistry is highly non-linear, representing smoking behavior with a smoothed periodic waveform may result in a tobacco smoke aerosol with different chemical composition and physical properties than that actually generated by the smoker. It may also underestimate the smokers' exposure to harmful smoke constituents. This is a proposal to test if replicating the true puff profile will result in differences in levels of select volatile organic and particle-bound semi-volatile smoke constituents in mainstream smoke, compared to machine smoking using only the standard smoothed puff data. We will also determine if replicating the true puff profile results in differences in the particle size distribution of mainstream smoke compared to machine smoking using only the standard smoothed puff data. A sample of previously acquired human puff profiles from an existing cohort will be used to replicate both the true puff profile and the smoothed puff profile using a smoking machine, and the smoke emissions generated by each protocol will be compared for levels of select toxic components of mainstream smoke, and the distribution of fine and ultra-fine particles. This study will help to optimize standards for testing new and conventional smoked tobacco products in order to better characterize human exposure to harmful components of tobacco smoke. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: In human testing of new combustible tobacco products, puff topography is typically measured and programmed into smoking machines (puff replicators) to mimic human smoking and the resulting smoke emissions are tested for relative levels of harmful constituents. Using only the summary puff data, with steady, periodic parabolic waveform, and a fixed puff frequency, volume, and duration, may underestimate actual exposure to smoke toxins. This study is the first step in determining if the public health research community should replace the currently used equipment and procedures and begin replicating the true puff profile in the testing of new products to more accurately reflect human exposure.

描述（由申请人提供）：在标准香烟和潜在减少暴露产品（PREPs）的人体测试中，通常测量烟雾地形并将其编程到吸烟机器（烟雾复制器）中以模拟人类吸烟。由此产生的烟雾排放被测试有害成分的相对水平。所使用的起伏地形数据为汇总数据；也就是说，总吞吐量除以吞吐次数得到平均吞吐量。然后对喷涌复制器进行编程，使其具有稳定的周期性抛物线波形，以及固定的喷涌频率、体积和持续时间，从而再现平均喷涌。因为人类吸烟的方式随着烟杆的消耗而不同，而燃烧化学是高度非线性的，用平滑的周期性波形表示吸烟行为可能会导致烟草烟雾气溶胶具有与吸烟者实际产生的不同的化学成分和物理性质。它也可能低估了吸烟者接触有害烟雾成分的程度。这是一项提案，旨在测试与仅使用标准平滑烟雾数据的机器吸烟相比，复制真实的烟雾轮廓是否会导致主流烟雾中选择挥发性有机和颗粒结合的半挥发性烟雾成分水平的差异。我们还将确定，与仅使用标准平滑烟雾数据的机器吸烟相比，复制真实的烟雾轮廓是否会导致主流烟雾的颗粒大小分布的差异。从现有队列中获得的先前获得的人类烟雾剖面样本将用于使用吸烟机复制真实的烟雾剖面和平滑的烟雾剖面，并且将比较每种方案产生的烟雾排放，以比较主流烟雾中选择的有毒成分的水平，以及细颗粒和超细颗粒的分布。这项研究将有助于优化检测新型和传统吸烟烟草制品的标准，以便更好地确定人类接触烟草烟雾有害成分的特征。公共卫生相关性：在对新的可燃烟草产品进行人体试验时，通常测量烟的地形，并将其编程到吸烟机器（烟复制器）中，以模仿人类吸烟，并测试由此产生的烟雾排放的有害成分的相对水平。仅使用汇总的烟雾数据，稳定的、周期性的抛物线波形，固定的烟雾频率、体积和持续时间，可能低估了烟雾毒素的实际暴露。这项研究是决定公共卫生研究界是否应该更换目前使用的设备和程序，并开始在新产品测试中复制真实的吸烟概况，以更准确地反映人类暴露的第一步。