Smokers and PREPs: Measurement of Inhaled and Exhaled Tobacco Smoke Particulate

描述(由申请人提供)：烟草使用造成的持续的人类健康损失促使公共卫生界评估减少危害的方法。烟草行业为其产品推广的以FTC为基础的机器烟雾产生量测量没有考虑到人类吸烟行为的差异，因此不是潜在的减少暴露烟草产品(PREP)减少危害的可靠指标。我们的长期目标是为公共卫生界提供技术，确保为最终判断准备工作的效果提供科学依据。主流卷烟烟雾是一种复杂的有机物混合物，在气相中以游离形式存在，并以高分子化合物的形式与气溶胶颗粒结合。强致癌物质--烟草特有的亚硝胺和多环芳烃--主要存在于颗粒物相中。较大的颗粒沉积在呼吸道的上部；超细颗粒沉积在呼吸道的更深部分，清除时间更长，可能对健康造成影响。目前的技术可以监测气相中烟草毒素的半衰期很短，但不适合分析半衰期要长得多的气溶胶颗粒。到目前为止，还没有研究将主流烟雾中颗粒的大小和化学成分联系起来。因此，这项研究的目的是：目的1：确定卷烟和预制焦油水平的差异对颗粒分布和浓度变化的影响，以及对吸烟者吸收主流烟雾颗粒的影响。目的2：确定卷烟和预焦油水平的差异对吸烟者从主流烟雾中吸收特定颗粒结合致癌物的影响。我们建议对45名受试者进行测试，这些受试者将在六个不同的测试阶段中分别吸食四种指定的传统香烟品牌中的一种和两种预制香烟。为了客观地衡量它们的相对毒性，我们将测量和收集吸烟者呼出的呼气中不同大小的物质，并使用从每支香烟获得的同时记录的吸烟地形来模拟吸烟者从特定的喷雾轮廓中吸入的呼气量。我们还将使用我们最近开发的化学表征程序来测量模拟吸入和呼出的颗粒物中附着的选定烟雾致癌物质的未改变的母体化合物和代谢物。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The continuing human health toll of tobacco use has prompted the public health community to evaluate harm reduction approaches. The FTC-based machine-smoke yield measurements promoted by the tobacco industry for their products do not account for differences in human smoking behavior and therefore are not reliable indicators of the harm reduction of potential reduced exposure tobacco products (PREPs). Our long- range goal is to provide the public health community with the technology for ensuring a scientific basis for ultimately judging the effects of PREPs. Mainstream cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of organics that occur free in the gas phase and as higher molecular weight compounds bound to aerosol particles. Potent carcinogens-tobacco-specific nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-occur primarily in the particle phase. Larger particles deposit in the upper part of the respiratory tract; ultrafine particles deposit in deeper parts of the respiratory tract, with longer clearance times and possible health implications. Current techniques can monitor the short half-life tobacco toxins in the gas phase, but are unsuitable for analyzing the aerosol particles, which have much longer half-lives. There has been no work done to date to link particle size and chemical composition of the particles in mainstream smoke. Therefore the aims of this study are: Aim 1: Determine the effect of differences in cigarette and PREP tar levels on changes in particle size distribution and concentration, and on the uptake of mainstream smoke particles by smokers. Aim 2: Determine the effect of differences in cigarette and PREP tar levels on the uptake of selected particle-bound carcinogens from mainstream smoke by smokers. We propose to test 45 subjects who will each smoke one of four designated conventional cigarette brands and two PREPs in six separate test sessions. To obtain an objective measure of their relative toxicity, we will measure and collect the size-fractionated material in smokers' exhaled breath and use simultaneously recorded smoking topography obtained from each smoked cigarette to simulate the individual smoker's inhaled breath dose from the specific puff profile. We will also use chemical characterization procedures we recently developed to measure the unchanged parent compounds and metabolites of the selected smoke carcinogens attached to both the simulated inhaled and the exhaled breath particulate.