Smokers and PREPs: Measurement of Inhaled and Exhaled Tobacco Smoke Particulate

描述（由申请人提供）：烟草使用对人类健康造成的持续损害促使公共卫生界评估减少危害的方法。烟草业为其产品推广的基于联邦贸易委员会的机器烟雾量测量没有考虑到人类吸烟行为的差异，因此不是潜在减少接触烟草制品（PREPs）减少危害的可靠指标。我们的长期目标是为公共卫生界提供技术，以确保最终判断prep效果的科学依据。主流香烟烟雾是一种复杂的有机物混合物，这些有机物在气相中自由存在，并以高分子量化合物的形式与气溶胶颗粒结合。强致癌物——烟草特有的亚硝胺和多环芳烃——主要发生在颗粒阶段。较大的颗粒沉积在呼吸道的上半部分；超细颗粒沉积在呼吸道较深的部位，清除时间较长，并可能影响健康。目前的技术可以监测气相半衰期短的烟草毒素，但不适合分析半衰期长得多的气溶胶颗粒。到目前为止，还没有研究将主流烟雾中的颗粒大小和化学成分联系起来。因此，本研究的目的是：目的1：确定香烟和PREP焦油水平的差异对颗粒大小分布和浓度变化的影响，以及对吸烟者吸收主流烟雾颗粒的影响。目标2：确定香烟和PREP焦油含量的差异对吸烟者从主流烟雾中摄取特定颗粒结合致癌物质的影响。我们建议测试45名受试者，他们将在6个单独的测试阶段中分别抽四种指定的传统香烟品牌和两种prep香烟。为了获得对其相对毒性的客观测量，我们将测量和收集吸烟者呼出气体中的大小分级物质，并同时使用从每支烟中获得的记录的吸烟地形来模拟个体吸烟者从特定的烟雾剖面中吸入的呼吸剂量。我们还将使用我们最近开发的化学表征程序来测量附着在模拟吸入和呼出颗粒物上的选定烟雾致癌物的不变母体化合物和代谢物。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The continuing human health toll of tobacco use has prompted the public health community to evaluate harm reduction approaches. The FTC-based machine-smoke yield measurements promoted by the tobacco industry for their products do not account for differences in human smoking behavior and therefore are not reliable indicators of the harm reduction of potential reduced exposure tobacco products (PREPs). Our long- range goal is to provide the public health community with the technology for ensuring a scientific basis for ultimately judging the effects of PREPs. Mainstream cigarette smoke is a complex mixture of organics that occur free in the gas phase and as higher molecular weight compounds bound to aerosol particles. Potent carcinogens-tobacco-specific nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons-occur primarily in the particle phase. Larger particles deposit in the upper part of the respiratory tract; ultrafine particles deposit in deeper parts of the respiratory tract, with longer clearance times and possible health implications. Current techniques can monitor the short half-life tobacco toxins in the gas phase, but are unsuitable for analyzing the aerosol particles, which have much longer half-lives. There has been no work done to date to link particle size and chemical composition of the particles in mainstream smoke. Therefore the aims of this study are: Aim 1: Determine the effect of differences in cigarette and PREP tar levels on changes in particle size distribution and concentration, and on the uptake of mainstream smoke particles by smokers. Aim 2: Determine the effect of differences in cigarette and PREP tar levels on the uptake of selected particle-bound carcinogens from mainstream smoke by smokers. We propose to test 45 subjects who will each smoke one of four designated conventional cigarette brands and two PREPs in six separate test sessions. To obtain an objective measure of their relative toxicity, we will measure and collect the size-fractionated material in smokers' exhaled breath and use simultaneously recorded smoking topography obtained from each smoked cigarette to simulate the individual smoker's inhaled breath dose from the specific puff profile. We will also use chemical characterization procedures we recently developed to measure the unchanged parent compounds and metabolites of the selected smoke carcinogens attached to both the simulated inhaled and the exhaled breath particulate.