SENSORIMOTOR MECHANISMS OF SPEECH MOVEMENT COORDINATION

言语运动协调的感觉运动机制

• 批准号: 3449702
• 负责人: Vincent L. Gracco
• 金额: $ 4.96万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1984
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1984-04-01 至 1987-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3449702
• 关键词: Parkinson's disease; afferent nerve; basal ganglia; brain stem; cerebellar ataxia /dyskinesia; cerebellar cortex; cerebellum; computer assisted diagnosis; electromyography; human subject; jaw movement; motion perception; neural information processing; reflex; sensorimotor system; sequential perception; speech; speech disorder diagnosis

The coordinated movements of speech demand the temporal-spatial interaction of several interdependent motor subsystems. As such the control required to produce these coordinate movements should reflect the flexibility and complexity involved in this uniquely human motor act. Based upon our research and that of others, it appears that the orofacial motor actions for speech are under continuous afferent-dependent influence through operation of both open-loop, feedforward and closed-loop, feedback control mechanisms. Despite recent advances, our understanding of the detailed operation of these sensorimotor mechanisms involved in the control of motor speech currently is rudimentary. For example, while it is apparent that speech movement coordination and control involves multiple sensorimotor actions, the moment-to-moment conditions under which these various mechanisms are operating remains largely undefined. The investigations that are proposed here are an attempt to determine the variables underlying the differential utilization of these multiple processes in the control of the orofacial complex for speech. This research will exploit recent advances in both measurement techniques (computer implemented movement and EMG analyses) and technology (DC brushless torque motor) in the area of speech motor control. The contribution of afferent information to the control of speech movements will be evaluated by applying unanticipated loads (perturbations) to the upper lip, lower lip, or jaw during speech tasks requiring the coordinated actions of these orofacial structures. The control processes and potential pathways underlying loads compensation will be investigated through analyses of the latency, loci, and magnitude of the compensatory responses. From these determinations, it should be possible to determine if and when short latency brain stem reflexes are utilized in the control of orofacial movements as well as when speech motor control processes are dominated by suprabulbar control mechanisms. Finally, through the use of select subjects with movement disorders (Parkinson's disease and cerebellar ataxia) it will be possible to refine our hypotheses concerning the potential neural structures involved in speech motor control as well as more precisely defining the speech motor aberrations associated with these pathological conditions.

言语的协调运动需要时空相互作用 几个相互依赖的运动子系统。 因此需要控制 产生这些协调运动应体现灵活性和 这种独特的人类运动行为涉及复杂性。 基于我们的 研究和其他人的研究表明，口面部运动动作 因为言语受到持续的传入依赖性影响 开环、前馈和闭环、反馈控制的操作 机制。 尽管最近取得了进展，但我们对细节的理解 这些参与运动控制的感觉运动机制的运作 目前的言语能力还很初级。 例如，虽然很明显 言语运动协调和控制涉及多种感觉运动 行动，这些不同的时刻的条件 其运作机制在很大程度上仍不明确。 这里提出的调查是为了确定 这些多重利用差异背后的变量 口面部复合体控制言语的过程。 这 研究将利用这两种测量技术的最新进展 （计算机执行的运动和肌电图分析）和技术（DC 无刷力矩电机）在语音电机控制领域。 这 传入信息对言语运动控制的贡献 将通过向 在需要协调的言语任务中，上唇、下唇或下颌 这些口面部结构的动作。 控制过程和潜力 负载补偿的路径将通过以下方式进行调查 分析补偿的潜伏期、位点和幅度 回应。 根据这些确定，应该可以确定 是否以及何时在控制中使用短潜伏期脑干反射 口面部运动以及言语运动控制过程何时 由球上控制机制主导。 最后，通过使用 选择患有运动障碍（帕金森病和小脑病）的受试者 共济失调）将有可能完善我们关于 参与言语运动控制的潜在神经结构以及 更精确地定义与这些相关的言语运动畸变 病理状况。