Real time control of gasifiers to increase tolerance to biomass variety and reduce emissions

实时控制气化炉，以提高对生物质品种的耐受性并减少排放

• 批准号: EP/M01343X/1
• 负责人: Ian Watson
• 金额: $ 127.39万
• 依托单位: University of Glasgow
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FM01343X%2F1
• 关键词: Real; time; control; gasifiers; increase

The UK has enormous biomass resource which it currently underutilises, it is estimated that there is 10-14 million tons of sustainable biomass which could be used to generate electricity and heat pa. A recent report concluded that biomass can provide nearly 50% of the UK's energy needs by 2050, with the advantage that it is secure and provides power and energy on demand. Problems of utilising this is the accessibility of the biomass, the biomass variety and current processing options. Gasification is a process where biomass can be turned into its constituent components and produce hydrogen, carbon monoxide and methane, which can be used to drive a combustion engine or turbine to produce electricity, with heat being produced as part of the gasification process. Gasifiers are currently not meeting performance expectations primarily due to tar production (impacting syngas quality), biomass variability and lack of standards over pretreatment methods. This research seeks to overcome these technical and economic barriers by focussing on the energy requirements for biomass harvesting, developing better models of gasification processes for different biomass varieties and experimentally determining impacts of biomass variance and pretreatment options on gasifier performance. Importantly, instrumentation and control to minimise the tar formation and optimise the gasification process will be developed and coupled with techno-economic indicators of the systems. The research is composed of 7 interconnected work packages.1) Develop mathematical models of the gasification process to predict the impact of biomass variety and its pretreatment on the gasification performance and allow optimal gasifier design.2) Design a small, modular test-bed gasifier to allow development and testing of robust and inexpensive instrumentation and control strategies, to optimise the performance of the gasifer for different biomass and treatment options.3) Develop gasifier instrumentation for 2) and for larger, fluidised bed gasifiers. Evaluate methods of real time tar detection that will provide a method to control the gasifier, by minimising the tar output and producing cleaner gas. 4) Assess the biomass characteristics of some indigenous UK species to allow selection and blending to reduce biomass variance, leading to improved gasification. Quantify the energy requirements for unlocking stranded forestry assets and the impact of various pretreatments on the feedstock potential.5) Using the characterised biomass, the gasification efficacy will be measured for small and large gasifiers by assessing thermal, syngas and tar outputs. The impact of the control systems on performance will be evaluated.6) The greenhouse gas emissions and sustainability of these processes will be determined using life cycle analysis and techno-economic investigations. 7) Using the available technical, environmental and economic data - from 1) to 6) - and strategies towards improved gasification process performance for biomass varieties and pretreatment will be identified for the UK and internationally. The potential of gaseous liquefaction and fuel storage will be identified. This is a multidisciplinary project that focusses on the issues impacting poor, current gasification performance and will provide greater understanding of the role that biomass and its pretreatment has on gasification efficiency and emissions. Solutions will be researched to control the gasifier and reduce the tar formation and allow gasification of a broader selection of biomass. This will provide benefit to users around the world, allowing reduced tar formation, less downtime, and increased feedstock opportunities. This has significant socio-economic potential to impact sustainable energy and power production in the UK and around the world, with global population benefits of reduced greenhouse gas emissions from using sustainable biomass resources.

英国拥有巨大的生物质资源，目前尚未充分利用，据估计，有1000万至1400万吨可持续生物质可用于发电和供热。最近的一份报告得出结论，到2050年，生物质可以提供英国近50%的能源需求，其优点是安全，并按需提供电力和能源。利用这一点的问题是生物质的可获得性、生物质种类和当前的加工选择。气化是一种过程，其中生物质可以转变成其组成成分并产生氢气、一氧化碳和甲烷，其可以用于驱动内燃机或涡轮机以产生电力，其中作为气化过程的一部分产生热量。气化炉目前没有达到性能预期，主要是由于焦油的产生（影响合成气质量），生物质的变化和缺乏标准的预处理方法。本研究旨在克服这些技术和经济障碍，重点关注生物质收获的能源需求，为不同的生物质品种开发更好的气化过程模型，并通过实验确定生物质方差和预处理选项对气化炉性能的影响。重要的是，将开发用于最大限度地减少焦油形成和优化气化过程的仪表和控制，并与系统的技术经济指标相结合。该研究由7个相互关联的工作包组成。1）开发气化过程的数学模型，以预测生物质种类及其预处理对气化性能的影响，并允许优化气化炉设计。2）设计一个小型模块化试验台气化炉，以允许开发和测试鲁棒且廉价的仪器和控制策略，为不同的生物质和处理方案优化气化器的性能。3）为2）和更大的流化床气化器开发气化器仪表。评估真实的时间焦油检测的方法，这将提供一种方法来控制气化炉，通过最大限度地减少焦油输出和生产更清洁的气体。4)评估一些英国本土物种的生物质特性，以允许选择和混合，以减少生物质差异，从而改善气化。量化释放搁浅林业资产的能源需求以及各种预处理对原料潜力的影响。5）使用特征生物质，通过评估热量、合成气和焦油输出来测量小型和大型气化炉的气化功效。将评估控制系统对性能的影响。6）将使用生命周期分析和技术经济调查来确定这些过程的温室气体排放和可持续性。7)利用现有的技术，环境和经济数据-从1）到6）-和战略，以改善气化工艺性能的生物质品种和预处理将确定为英国和国际。将确定气体液化和燃料储存的潜力。这是一个多学科项目，重点关注影响当前气化性能差的问题，并将更好地了解生物质及其预处理对气化效率和排放的作用。将研究解决方案，以控制气化炉，减少焦油的形成，并允许气化更广泛的生物质选择。这将为世界各地的用户带来好处，减少焦油形成，减少停机时间，增加原料机会。这对英国和世界各地的可持续能源和电力生产具有重大的社会经济潜力，并通过使用可持续生物质资源减少温室气体排放而使全球人口受益。

项目成果

Impact of vegetation type and pre-processing on product yields and properties following hydrothermal conversion of conservation biomass

• DOI: 10.1016/j.rser.2020.110462
• 发表时间: 2020-10
• 期刊: Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews
• 影响因子: 15.9
• 作者: J. Corton;I. Donnison;Andrew Ross;A. Lea-Langton;M. Wachendorf;M. Fraser

Progression towards Online Tar Detection Systems

在线焦油检测系统的进展

• DOI: 10.1016/j.egypro.2017.12.143
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Energy Procedia
• 作者: Capper S

Computational fluid dynamics modelling (CFD) and experimental of a pilot scale circulating fluidised bed gasifier (CFBG)

计算流体动力学建模 (CFD) 和中试规模循环流化床气化炉 (CFBG) 实验

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Blanco, P

Diversification and use of bioenergy to maintain future grasslands.

• DOI: 10.1002/fes3.75
• 发表时间: 2016-05
• 期刊: Food and energy security
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Donnison IS;Fraser MD
• 通讯作者: Fraser MD

Energy crop optimisation and feedstock matching

能源作物优化和原料匹配

• 作者: Donnison, I