Computational Design Optimization of Large-Scale Building Structures: Methods, Benchmarking & Applications

大型建筑结构的计算设计优化：方法、基准测试

• 批准号: EP/N023471/1
• 负责人: Matthew Gilbert
• 金额: $ 47.95万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FN023471%2F1
• 关键词: Computational; Design; Optimization; Large; Scale

Recent years have seen an explosion in the number of large-scale structures such as tall buildings and long span roofs (e.g. all but one of the world's 20 tallest buildings was constructed in the last 15 years, almost all of which are over 400m in height; furthermore, it has recently been estimated that 4 million skyscrapers of 40 stories will be required by 2050 to accommodate worldwide urban population growth). However, currently the forms of such structures are usually identified in an ad-hoc manner, with very limited application of optimization techniques, despite the fact that such techniques are now routinely used in other industrial sectors (e.g. automotive and aerospace). This means that material consumption and associated greenhouse gas emissions will often be far higher than necessary, and novel structural configurations which permit inclusion of energy efficient features such as light wells or atriums will often be overlooked.In this project highly efficient mathematical optimization methods will be developed specifically for large-scale building structures, and used to automatically identify efficient layouts of structural elements. This will enable determination of the 'absolute minimum material reference design' for a given design brief, providing a powerful new means of evaluating the relative efficiency of alternative structural layouts. Methods will also be developed to automatically generate simpler and more practical structural layouts, which consume little more material than the absolute minimum quantity.The methods will be used to identify structurally efficient layouts for a range of applications, including tall building exoskeleton design and long-span canopy roof design. Considering tall buildings, a recent development has been the use of exoskeleton 'diagrids', which give a clear expression of the structural system, and are perceived to be more efficient than conventional solutions. However, the use of any predefined configuration will implicitly inhibit efficiency and vast numbers of alternative layouts will be able to be considered using the tools to be developed in this project. Considering long-span canopy roofs, such as those used in sports stadia, exhibition halls and factories, reducing material consumption by adopting a more efficient layout of elements leads to a 'virtuous circle' since as structural self-weight is reduced, so does the amount of structural material required to support this.The project will result in the development of practical tools and guidance for practitioners, and educational materials for students. Successful delivery of the research can be expected to dramatically improve the ability of engineers to design structurally efficient large-scale buildings.

近年来，高层建筑和大跨度屋顶等大型建筑的数量呈爆炸式增长(例如，世界上最高的20座建筑中，除一座外，其余都是在过去15年中建造的，几乎所有建筑的高度都超过400米；此外，最近估计，到2050年将需要400万座40层的摩天大楼，以适应全球城市人口的增长)。然而，目前这种结构的形式通常是以特别的方式确定的，优化技术的应用非常有限，尽管这种技术现在通常用于其他工业部门(例如汽车和航空航天)。这意味着材料消耗和相关的温室气体排放往往会远远超过必要的水平，允许包括光井或中庭等节能特征的新型结构配置往往会被忽视。在这个项目中，将专门为大型建筑结构开发高效的数学优化方法，并用于自动识别结构元素的有效布局。这将能够确定给定设计概要的“绝对最小材料参考设计”，为评估替代结构布局的相对效率提供了一种强大的新手段。还将开发方法来自动生成更简单和更实用的结构布局，这些布局消耗的材料仅比绝对最小数量多一点。这些方法将用于为一系列应用确定结构有效的布局，包括高层建筑外骨骼设计和大跨度天篷屋顶设计。考虑到高层建筑，最近的一个发展是外骨骼“诊断”的使用，它清楚地表达了结构系统，被认为比传统的解决方案更有效。然而，任何预定义配置的使用都将隐含地抑制效率，并且将能够使用本项目中将要开发的工具来考虑大量替代布局。考虑到大跨度天篷屋顶，如用于体育场馆、展览馆和工厂的天篷屋顶，通过采用更有效的构件布局来减少材料消耗会产生一个良性循环，因为随着结构自重的减少，支撑这一结构所需的结构材料的数量也会减少。该项目将导致为从业人员开发实用工具和指导，并为学生提供教育材料。这项研究的成功交付有望极大地提高工程师设计结构高效的大型建筑的能力。

项目成果

Balancing complexity and structural efficiency in the design of optimal trusses

在最佳桁架设计中平衡复杂性和结构效率

• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Fairclough H

LayOpt: an educational web-app for truss layout optimization

• DOI: 10.1007/s00158-021-03009-8
• 发表时间: 2021-08-07
• 期刊: STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Fairclough, Helen E.;He, Linwei;Gilbert, Matthew
• 通讯作者: Gilbert, Matthew

Layout optimization of simplified trusses using mixed integer linear programming with runtime generation of constraints

• DOI: 10.1007/s00158-019-02449-7
• 发表时间: 2020-05-01
• 期刊: STRUCTURAL AND MULTIDISCIPLINARY OPTIMIZATION
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Fairclough, H.;Gilbert, M.
• 通讯作者: Gilbert, M.

Design of optimum grillages using layout optimization

使用布局优化设计最佳格栅

• DOI: 10.1007/s00158-018-1930-6
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Structural and Multidisciplinary Optimization
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Bolbotowski K

Optimization-driven conceptual design of long span bridges

大跨度桥梁优化驱动概念设计

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Fairclough HE