TWO DIMENSIONAL ARRAY-RAY DETECTOR

二维阵列射线探测器

• 批准号: 3519198
• 负责人: THOMAS Arthur STEITZ
• 金额: $ 29.53万
• 依托单位: YALE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-03-01 至 1986-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3519198
• 关键词: X ray crystallography; chemical structure; computers; organelles

The research programs of the principal user group are directed at structural studies of macromolecules, macromolecular assemblies and cell organelles such as ribosomes and plasma membranes. The major techniques to be employed center on X-ray diffraction from single crystals, solutions or partially ordered systems. In addition to the time-average structures, which are the most immediate output of such work, the programs will be particularly aimed at studying the relative motion of various parts (domains) of the polymer chains and of the subunits with respect to each other in the larger aggregates. Motion can, in part, be inferred from static structural differences under varied conditions of environment and ligation. Of special interest is the motion of specific side chains during catalytic cycles, of polymerases along their nucleic acid substrates, the translocation step of ribosomes on the message during protein synthesis and of the secretion of polypeptide chain into and through the membrane bilayer. The proposed diffraction studies require the more rapid means of data collection that will be provided by the Hamlin-Xuong two-dimensional multiwire array detector. This detector and the associated computer that is required to process the vast amount of data will increase the rate at which accurate high resolution protein crystal diffraction data can be measured by at least a factor of 10 to 20. Spectacular recent advances in cloning have made available large numbers of proteins and nucleic acids in substantial quantities. The large increase in the number of suitable crystallographic projects will be easily accommodated by this major step forward in the technology of X-ray diffraction data collection. Further, the 2D array detector will be used to study X-ray diffraction from partially ordered and disordered systems, which is a new application of this detector technology in the X-ray field.

主要用户组的研究计划针对 大分子、大分子组装体和细胞的结构研究 细胞器，例如核糖体和质膜。 主要技术为 用于单晶、溶液或的 X 射线衍射 部分有序系统。 除了时间平均结构之外， 这是此类工作最直接的成果，这些计划将是 特别旨在研究各部件的相对运动 聚合物链和亚基的（域） 其他在较大的总量中。 运动可以部分地推断自 不同环境条件下的静态结构差异 结扎。 特别令人感兴趣的是特定侧链的运动 聚合酶沿着其核酸底物的催化循环， 蛋白质合成过程中核糖体对信息的易位步骤 多肽链分泌进入并穿过膜双层的过程。 拟议的衍射研究需要更快速的数据手段 由 Hamlin-Xuong 二维提供的集合 多线阵列探测器。 该探测器和相关计算机 需要处理大量数据将增加速率 可以得到准确的高分辨率蛋白质晶体衍射数据 至少以 10 到 20 的系数来衡量。最近在 克隆技术已经获得了大量的蛋白质和核酸 数量巨大。 合适数量大幅增加 这一重大步骤将很容易适应晶体学项目 X射线衍射数据收集技术的进步。 更远， 二维阵列探测器将用于研究 X 射线衍射 部分有序和无序系统，这是一个新的应用 这种探测器技术应用于X射线领域。