RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOBIOLOGY TO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY IN ALCOHOLICS

酒精中毒和情感障碍经常发生在同一个人身上 在个人和同一个家庭的成员中。此关联可能 表示两个常见疾病实体由于偶然或 由于(A)潜在的患者自我用药导致的酒精中毒 情感障碍，或(B)因以下后果而导致的抑郁 酗酒。研究表明，酒精可能会显著改善 情感上的幸福感，但随着持续的陶醉 这种改善可能会逆转。此外，在慢性醉酒期间， 酗酒者不仅会变得越来越抑郁，而且会变得更加焦虑。 在这个方案中，抑郁症和焦虑症的某些生化方面 在酗酒患者身上表现出的特点。 对脑脊液和血浆进行去甲肾上腺素分析(卧床和 站立)，尿儿茶酚胺代谢物和药理 使用乳酸、异丙肾上腺素和氯丙咪嗪的挑战范例如下 受雇的。 结果表明，患有恐慌症的酗酒者有许多 区别生物学特征：(1)有恐慌症的酗酒者 与恐慌症患者相比，对乳酸盐注射的反应降低 无酒精中毒；(2)较高的脑脊液B-内啡肽特征 对照和(3)对氯丙咪嗪的高度情感反应 与酗酒者和对照组相比。

Alcoholism and affective disorders frequently occur in the same individuals and in members of the same family. This association may represent the co-existence of two common disease entities due to chance or due to (a) alcoholism resulting from self-medication of an underlying affective disorder, or (b) depression resulting from consequences of alcohol abuse. Studies have shown that alcohol may acutely improve the sense of affective well-being, but with continued intoxication this improvement may be reversed. Also, during chronic intoxication, alcoholics not only become increasingly depressed but also more anxious. In this protocol, certain biochemical aspects of depression and anxiety are characterized as they are manifested in alcoholic patients. Cerebrospinal fluid and plasma are analyzed for norepinephrine (lying and standing), urine for catecholamine metabolites and pharmacological challenge paradigms using lactate, isoproterenol and chlorimipramine are employed. Results indicate that alcoholics with panic disorder have a number of distinguishing biological characteristics: (1) alcoholics with panic have a reduced response to lactate administration compared to panic patients without alcoholism; (2) higher CSF B-endorphin charateristics compared to controls and (3) a heightened affective response to chlorimipramine compared with alcoholics and controls.