Threats to infrastructures: consolidation, collaboration and future orientation

对基础设施的威胁：整合、协作和未来导向

• 批准号: ES/K000233/1
• 负责人: John Preston
• 金额: $ 58.3万
• 依托单位: University of East London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Fellowship
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2012 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FK000233%2F1
• 关键词: Threats; infrastructures; consolidation; collaboration; future

The 'National Infrastructure' is seldom out of the news. Although the infrastructure is not always easy to define it includes things such as utilities (water, energy, gas), transportation systems and communications. We often hear about real or perceived threats to the infrastructure such as terrorism, natural disasters, cyber attacks and even riots and industrial disputes. There is little consensus about how we should protect the national infrastructure now, and even less about how we should go about it in the future. Moreover, all countries face such challenges and meet them in different ways. The purpose of this project is to consider the ways in which we think about protecting the national infrastructure and to examine the differences in how countries go about protecting their infrastructures. This will help us to understand how working across academia, across sectors and across countries can help us to act in terms of future scenarios.In terms of understanding how different countries respond to threats to their national infrastructures (and how their populations might respond) the media often make generalisations about nations and their infrastructures. In terms of the recent Japanese Tsunami (2011), for example, the media made many references to the robustness of Japan's industrial base and the resilience of the Japanese people. In Hurricane Katrina in the US (2005) the media was concerned with inequalities in US society and the lack of integration between different government agencies in dealing with the disruption. These media and popular representations point, in a simple way, to national differences in response, but there is a need to go further and examine how and why different countries respond in different ways. In this research we will look at national economic and social factors and, alongside interviews with policy makers, we will construct 'timelines' of infrastructure protection policy to see exactly how and why policy changes in countries over time. We will select a range of countries to represent different political and social forms (US, UK, New Zealand, Japan and Germany). The analysis of these timelines will suggest why national infrastructure policy changes over time. We will then test our results using case studies of actual disasters and expert groups of policy makers across countries. Ultimately this will help us to understand national infrastructure protection changes over time, what drives such changes and the different ways in which countries prepare themselves for infrastructure threats.It is also important that we think about how we organise research in this area in the future. Through a series of 'leadership activities' the research will bring together researchers in different academic disciplines and people from the public, private and third sectors. This is not the first time that this has been done, but the purpose of doing this is to discover how work across disciplines and sectors can be best organised in future. In order to keep groups working with each other, and to find out more about how inter-disciplinary groups can work well, the groups formed in these activities will participate in simulation and gaming exercises on threats to national infrastructures. Finally, it is important to think about future threats to the infrastructure and we will organise innovative activities that involve graphically describing future threats and how we might respond to them.

“国家基础设施”很少出现在新闻中。虽然基础设施并不总是很容易定义，但它包括公用事业（水、能源、天然气）、运输系统和通信等。我们经常听到对基础设施的真实的或感知的威胁，如恐怖主义、自然灾害、网络攻击，甚至骚乱和劳资纠纷。对于我们现在应该如何保护国家基础设施，人们几乎没有达成共识，对于我们将来应该如何保护国家基础设施，人们就更没有达成共识。此外，所有国家都面临这些挑战，并以不同的方式应对这些挑战。这个项目的目的是考虑我们如何考虑保护国家基础设施，并审查各国在保护其基础设施方面的差异。这将有助于我们了解跨学术界、跨部门和跨国家的工作如何帮助我们在未来情景中采取行动。在了解不同国家如何应对其国家基础设施面临的威胁（以及其民众可能如何应对）方面，媒体经常对国家及其基础设施进行概括。例如，就最近的日本海啸（2011年）而言，媒体多次提到日本工业基础的稳健性和日本人民的复原力。在美国卡特里娜飓风（2005年）中，媒体关注的是美国社会的不平等以及不同政府机构在处理破坏时缺乏整合。这些媒体和公众的意见简单地指出了各国在反应方面的差异，但有必要进一步研究不同国家如何以及为什么采取不同的反应方式。在这项研究中，我们将着眼于国家的经济和社会因素，并与政策制定者的访谈，我们将构建基础设施保护政策的“时间表”，以确切地了解各国政策如何以及为什么随着时间的推移而变化。我们将选择一系列代表不同政治和社会形式的国家（美国，英国，新西兰，日本和德国）。对这些时间表的分析将揭示为什么国家基础设施政策会随着时间的推移而变化。然后，我们将使用实际灾害的案例研究和各国决策者的专家组来测试我们的结果。最终，这将帮助我们了解国家基础设施保护随着时间的推移而发生的变化，是什么推动了这种变化，以及各国为基础设施威胁做好准备的不同方式。我们思考未来如何组织这一领域的研究也很重要。通过一系列“领导活动”，研究将汇集不同学科的研究人员以及来自公共、私营和第三部门的人员。这不是第一次这样做，但这样做的目的是发现如何在未来最好地组织跨学科和部门的工作。为了保持各小组之间的合作，并更多地了解跨学科小组如何能够很好地发挥作用，在这些活动中成立的小组将参加关于国家基础设施所受威胁的模拟和游戏演习。最后，重要的是要考虑未来对基础设施的威胁，我们将组织创新活动，以图形方式描述未来的威胁以及我们如何应对这些威胁。

项目成果

Designing Emergency Preparedness Resources for Children with Autism

• DOI: 10.1080/1034912x.2016.1264577
• 发表时间: 2017-01-01
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISABILITY DEVELOPMENT AND EDUCATION
• 影响因子: 1.1
• 作者: Edmonds, Casey Olivia

Volunteering, social cohesion and race: the German Technical Relief Service

志愿服务、社会凝聚力和种族：德国技术救援服务

• DOI: 10.1332/204080516x14672980651609
• 发表时间: 2016
• 期刊: Voluntary Sector Review
• 影响因子: 1.5
• 作者: Chadderton C

From Aberfan to the 'Canvey Factor': schools, children and industrial disasters

从阿伯凡到“坎维因素”：学校、儿童和工业灾难

• DOI: 10.1080/01425692.2014.961596
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: British Journal of Sociology of Education
• 影响因子: 2.1
• 作者: Preston J

Disaster preparedness, adaptive politics and lifelong learning: a case of Japan

• DOI: 10.1080/02601370.2016.1231230
• 发表时间: 2016-01-01
• 期刊: INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF LIFELONG EDUCATION
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Kitagawa, Kaori

The 'state of exception' and disaster education: a multilevel conceptual framework with implications for social justice

“例外状态”和灾害教育：对社会正义具有影响的多层次概念框架

• DOI: 10.1080/14767724.2014.901906
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Globalisation, Societies and Education
• 作者: Preston J