INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL AND AFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING IN INFANCY

这个项目的重点是个体差异的长期后果 在身体，社会和情感功能和描述 不同生态背景下的早期相互作用。广泛的意见 中上部婴儿的母婴互动和依恋 欧洲裔美国人和中美洲下层家庭显示， 无论社会或种族背景如何， 大量的时间在离散的活动，如喂养，照顾， 和他们的婴儿玩耍。 系统分析表明， 社会互动的质量在二人组中发生了巨大的变化， 功能和社会背景。 因此， 获得可靠的个体差异指标是必要的。 对哥斯达黎加母亲进行的一项研究也得到了类似的结果， 来自中低收入家庭的婴儿。 一天的时间相当 对魁北克、德国、中部 非洲共和国和哥伦比亚进行了进一步探讨， 文化和背景对早期互动的影响，这些数据是 目前正在分析中。 我们希望系统和详细地 在各种生态环境中对父母和婴儿的观察 将提供一个更清晰的了解内容，婴儿 经验各不相同，以及获得可靠指标的最佳方法 文化中的个体差异。

This project focuses on long-term consequences of individual differences in physical, social, and affective functioning and the description of early interactions in diverse ecological contexts. Extensive observations of infant-mother interaction and attachment in infants from upper-middle class Euro-Americans and lower-class Central American families revealed that, regardless of social or ethnic background, mothers spent comparable amounts of time in discrete activities such as feeding, caring for, and playing with their infants. Systematic analyses demonstrated that the quality of social interaction within dyads changed dramatically depending on the functional and social context. As a result, extended observations were necessary to obtain reliable indices of individual differences. Similar findings were obtained in a study of Costa Rican mothers and infants from lower and middle income backgrounds. Comparable day-long observations of mothers and infants in Quebec, Germany, the Central African Republic, and Colombia were conducted to further explore the effects of culture and context on early interactions and these data are currently being analyzed. We hope that systematic and detailed observations of parents and infants in a variety of ecological contexts will provide a clearer understanding of the content to which infant experiences vary and of the best ways of obtaining reliable indices of individual differences within cultures.