eGovernment - Social Enterprises and Socio-Technical Perspectives

电子政务 - 社会企业和社会技术视角

• 批准号: ES/L00271X/1
• 负责人: Chris Martin
• 金额: $ 6.45万
• 依托单位: The Open University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FL00271X%2F1
• 关键词: eGovernment; Social; Enterprises; Socio; Technical

The research is located with the eGovernment domain and comprises of two inter-related aspects that combine the expertise of the mentors and the nominated fellow. First, exploring in depth the role of social enterprises in the design and delivery of eGovernment services. Whilst secondly, developing a complementary systems-level perspective exploring the potential roles of social enterprises in the eGovernment in the medium to long-term. Each aspect is described further below.1. The role of social enterprises in the design and delivery of eGovernment servicesThe restructuring of the public sector and the role of ICT has been a consistent feature of debates in the advanced economies since the early 1990s. The experience of the OU Business School, EC funded, project eGovernment for You (eGOV4U) that evaluated the access to eGovernment Services in a number of locales in Europe, showed that digital inclusion has beneficial effects on socially excluded groups (the elderly, unemployed women, disabled and immigrants). Among these effects are greater social inclusion leading to the development of new and associated economic activities. Social enterprises and other Third Sector organisations (charities, etc) have shown that they are important intermediaries in delivering the means for digital inclusion and the development of multi-channel networks. By combining these networks with ICT networks, the basis of new models of the digital social economy can be demonstrated. Our research will further explore, in a UK context, how social enterprises organisations can contribute to combating social exclusion throughout the design and delivery of eGovernment services.To explore the role of social enterprises in eGovernment Services we will develop 3 comparative case studies. These will be identified through existing contacts from the EGOV4U project, national bodies representing social enterprises (e.g. Social Enterprise UK), and networking at appropriate practitioner events. These case studies will be interrogated by applying the EGOV4U Impact Evaluation Framework to examine: what value is added to service users, across multi-channel networks and in the wider societal context; and how such value is added. A combination of methods will be used to undertake this investigation including existing knowledge and data based upon previous research; surveys; and focus groups.2. Socio-technical transition pathways for social enterprises and eGovernment servicesOur second area of research derives from the nominated fellow's expertise in Web Science including the application of socio-technical perspectives on eGovernment, open data and transparency. Multi-level theoretical frameworks have been used to identify and develop transition long-term pathways, for a diverse range of socio-technical systems - e.g. transport, water and energy systems. In our work we will apply socio-technical transitions theory in a novel context, to identify possible pathways for the role of social enterprises in eGovernment services. Seeking to address questions including: to what extent, and how, can different actors influence pathways? And what might be the key technological, organisational and institutional changes involved in each pathway?To develop transition pathways exploring the potential role of social enterprises in eGovernment services we will follow an approach including: refinement of the definition of the boundaries of the socio-technical system of interest; analysis of historical transitions in the eGovernment system to develop insight on how future transitions might unfold and be shaped; identification of diverse perspectives and visions for open government data; and analysis and integration of these perspectives to form a credible set of pathways. Interviews and focus groups with eGovernment practitioners (from across the public, private and third sectors) will be employed as appropriate at each stage of the research.

这项研究属于电子政务领域，包括两个相互关联的方面，结合了导师和被提名研究员的专业知识。第一，深入探讨社会企业在电子政务服务设计和交付中的作用。其次，从互补的系统层面探讨社会企业在电子政务中长期的潜在作用。每个方面将在下面进一步描述。社会企业在设计和提供电子政府服务中的作用自1990年代初以来，公共部门的重组和信息通信技术的作用一直是发达经济体辩论的一贯特征。欧洲共同体资助的开放大学商学院“为你的电子政府”项目（eGOV4U）评估了欧洲一些地区电子政府服务的使用情况，该项目的经验表明，数字包容对被社会排斥的群体（老年人、失业妇女、残疾人和移民）有有益的影响。在这些影响中，更大的社会包容导致了新的和相关的经济活动的发展。社会企业和其他第三部门组织（慈善机构等）已经表明，他们是提供数字共融和多渠道网络发展手段的重要中介。通过将这些网络与信息通信技术网络相结合，可以展示数字社会经济新模式的基础。我们的研究将进一步探讨，在英国的背景下，社会企业组织如何在电子政务服务的设计和交付过程中为消除社会排斥做出贡献。为探讨社会企业在电子政府服务中的角色，我们将进行三个比较个案研究。这些将通过EGOV4U项目的现有联系、代表社会企业的国家机构（例如英国社会企业）以及在适当的从业者活动中建立的网络来确定。这些案例研究将通过应用EGOV4U影响评估框架来审查：在多渠道网络和更广泛的社会背景下，为服务用户增加了什么价值；以及这些价值是如何增加的。将使用多种方法进行这项调查，包括基于先前研究的现有知识和数据；调查;和焦点小组。社会企业和电子政务服务的社会技术转型路径我们的第二个研究领域来自于被提名的研究员在网络科学方面的专业知识，包括社会技术观点在电子政务、开放数据和透明度方面的应用。多层次的理论框架已被用于确定和发展各种社会技术系统的过渡长期途径，例如运输、水和能源系统。在我们的工作中，我们将在一个新的背景下应用社会技术转型理论，以确定社会企业在电子政务服务中的作用的可能途径。寻求解决的问题包括：不同的行为者在多大程度上以及如何影响途径？每条路径中涉及的关键技术、组织和制度变革可能是什么？为了探索社会企业在电子政务服务中的潜在作用，发展转型路径，我们将遵循以下方法：细化社会技术利益系统边界的定义；分析电子政府系统的历史转变，以了解未来的转变可能如何展开和形成；确定开放政府数据的不同观点和愿景；并对这些观点进行分析和整合，形成一套可信的路径。在研究的每个阶段，我们会酌情与电子政府从业人员（来自公共、私营和第三部门）进行访谈和焦点小组讨论。

项目成果

Commercial orientation in grassroots social innovation: Insights from the sharing economy

草根社会创新的商业化：来自共享经济的洞察

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.08.001
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Ecological Economics
• 影响因子: 7
• 作者: Martin C

Democratising platform governance in the sharing economy: An analytical framework and initial empirical insights

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.123
• 发表时间: 2017-11-10
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF CLEANER PRODUCTION
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Martin, Chris J.;Upham, Paul;Klapper, Rita
• 通讯作者: Klapper, Rita

Grassroots social innovation and the mobilisation of values in collaborative consumption: a conceptual model

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.062
• 发表时间: 2016-10
• 期刊: Journal of Cleaner Production
• 影响因子: 11.1
• 作者: Chris J. Martin;P. Upham

Barriers to the Open Government Data Agenda: Taking a Multi-Level Perspective

开放政府数据议程的障碍：多层次视角

• DOI: 10.1002/1944-2866.poi367
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: Policy & Internet
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Martin C

The sharing economy: A pathway to sustainability or a nightmarish form of neoliberal capitalism?

• DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2015.11.027
• 发表时间: 2016-01-01
• 期刊: ECOLOGICAL ECONOMICS
• 影响因子: 7
• 作者: Martin, Chris J.