EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL STUDIES OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL COGNITIVE PROCESSING

正常和异常认知处理的事件相关潜力研究

• 批准号: 3860876
• 负责人: R JOHNSON
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS AND STROKE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3860876
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; HIV infections; Parkinson's disease; Turner's syndrome; attention; brain electrical activity; chronic fatigue syndrome; cognition; cognition disorders; data collection; dementia; disease /disorder model; dissociative hysteria; electrical potential; human subject; language; longitudinal human study; mathematical ability; memory; memory disorders; mental process; multiple sclerosis; neural information processing; progressive supranuclear palsy; short term memory; temporal lobe /cortex disorder

Event-related brain potentials (ERP) were used to study cognitive processes such as short- and long-term memory, spatial attention and visual search, mental rotation, mental arithmetic, and language compre- hension. ERP studies of normal subjects were intended to reveal the brain mechanisms underlying cognition. Studies of patients with neurological disorders were intended to allow us to characterize better patients information processing deficits while providing information on the physiological mechanisms underlying these cognitive processes. ERP studies of dementia are continuing on patients with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases while data collection was completed for patients with HIV disease and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The results from the HIV and PSP studies indicate that, in the earliest stages of subcortical disease, processing at the cortical level is more affected than processing at the subcortical level, (i.e., resembling a cortical dementia). This pattern reverses as the subcortical disease progresses. A follow-up study on the modality specificity of deficits in PSP patients has been completed. Studies of the mechanisms underlying and affecting attentional processes continue and data analysis is complete in two studies, one on how normal controls visually search a spatial array for items previously stored in short-term memory and one on the effects of fatigue on attention in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and normal controls. Studies with Daniel Ruchkin have demonstrated that memory rehearsal processes are marked by large negative slow waves and that different brain areas are invoked to perform verbal and spatial short-term memory rehearsal processes. Additional studies on the nature of short- and long-term memory deficits in amnestic patients and multiple sclerosis patients have been initiated. Data analysis continues on studies of temporal lobectomy patients, Turner's patients, and the mat- uration of cognitive processes. Studies with Wolfgang Miltner have been aimed at providing additional data on the neural generator mechanisms underlying cognitive processes. Patient and control data have been used to validate the predictions of Johnson's model of the variables controlling P300 amplitude. These data revealed that, contrary to the widely accepted notion, the P300 is a component whose amplitude represents the simultaneous utilization of a number of cognitive processing "modules."

采用事件相关脑电位（ERP）研究认知功能 过程，如短期和长期记忆，空间注意力， 视觉搜索，心理的 旋转、心算和语言理解 亨辛。 对正常人的ERP研究旨在揭示 认知的大脑机制 患者研究 神经系统疾病是为了让我们更好地描述 患者信息处理缺陷，同时提供以下信息 这些认知过程背后的生理机制。 ERP 老年痴呆症的研究仍在继续， 完成患者数据收集时的帕金森病 患有艾滋病和进行性核上性麻痹（PSP）。 结果 艾滋病毒和PSP的研究表明，在早期阶段， 皮质下疾病，皮质水平的处理受到更多影响 比在皮层下水平的处理，（即，类似皮质 痴呆症）。 随着皮质下疾病的进展，这种模式发生逆转。 PSP患者功能缺损形态特异性的随访研究 已完成 研究潜在的和影响 注意力过程继续，数据分析在两个 研究，一个关于正常对照如何视觉搜索空间阵列， 以前存储在短期记忆中的项目和一个关于 慢性疲劳综合征（CFS）患者的注意力疲劳， 正常对照者 丹尼尔·鲁奇金的研究表明， 记忆复述过程以大的负慢波为标志， 不同的大脑区域被调用来执行语言和空间 短期记忆排练过程 对自然的进一步研究 遗忘症患者的短期和长期记忆缺陷， 硬化症患者已经开始。 数据分析继续进行 颞叶切除术患者，特纳的患者，和垫的研究， 认知过程的形成。 沃尔夫冈·米尔特纳的研究已经 旨在提供关于神经发生器机制的额外数据 潜在的认知过程 使用了患者和对照数据 来验证约翰逊的变量模型的预测 控制P300振幅。 这些数据显示，与 广泛接受的概念，P300是一个组件，其幅度 代表了同时利用一些认知 处理“模块。"