EVENT-RELATED POTENTIAL STUDIES OF NORMAL AND ABNORMAL COGNITIVE PROCESSING

采用事件相关脑电位（ERP）研究认知功能 过程，如短期和长期记忆，空间注意力， 视觉搜索、心理旋转、心算和语言 理解力 对正常受试者的ERP研究旨在揭示 认知的大脑机制 患者研究 神经系统疾病是为了让我们更好地描述 患者在提供以下信息时存在信息处理缺陷 这些认知过程背后的生理机制。 数据 在阿尔茨海默氏症的ERP研究中完成了收集， 帕金森病、艾滋病和进行性核上性麻痹 （PSP）。 艾滋病毒和PSP研究的结果表明， 皮质下疾病的早期阶段，在皮质水平进行处理 比在皮层下水平的处理更受影响（即， 类似于皮质性痴呆）。 这种模式逆转， 皮质下疾病进展。 情态动词的追踪研究 PSP患者缺陷的特异性已经完成。 研究 作为注意过程的基础和影响注意过程的机制 数据分析在两项研究中完成，一项是关于正常对照 直观地搜索空间数组中以前短期存储的项目 记忆力，以及疲劳对患者注意力的影响 慢性疲劳综合征（CFS）组和正常对照组。 外贸 博士丹尼尔·鲁奇金已经证明了记忆排练过程是 以大的负慢波为标志，不同的大脑区域 被调用来执行语言和空间短期记忆排练 流程. 关于短期和长期的性质的补充研究 健忘症患者的记忆缺陷已经完成，数据 分析已经开始。 一项针对多发性硬化症患者的研究显示， 他们对语言的短期记忆有选择性缺陷， 材料. 颞叶切除术研究的数据分析继续 病人，特纳的病人，和认知过程的成熟。 Wolfgang Miltner博士的研究旨在提供额外的 认知过程的神经发生器机制的数据。 患者和对照数据已被用于验证的预测， 控制P300振幅的变量的约翰逊模型。 这些数据 显示，与广泛接受的概念相反，P300是一个 分量，其幅度表示同时利用 认知处理“模块的数量。“在认知记忆过程中， 对照组和患者，这些模块似乎表明存在， 不同的记忆系统。

Event~related brain potentials (ERP) were used to study cognitive processes such as short~ and long~term memory, spatial attention and visual search, mental rotation, mental arithmetic, and language comprehension. ERP studies of normal subjects were intended to reveal the brain mechanisms underlying cognition. Studies of patients with neurologic disorders were intended to allow us to characterize better patients~ information processing deficits while providing information on the physiologic mechanisms underlying these cognitive processes. Data collection was completed in ERP studies of dementia Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, HIV disease, and progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP). The results from the HIV and PSP studies indicate that, in the earliest stages of subcortical disease, processing at the cortical level is more affected than processing at the subcortical level (i.e., resembling a cortical dementia). This pattern reverses as the subcortical disease progresses. A follow~up study on the modality specificity of deficits in PSP patients has been completed. Studies of the mechanisms underlying and affecting attentional processes continue and data analysis is complete in two studies, one on how normal controls visually search a spatial array for items previously stored in short~term memory, and the other on the effects of fatigue on attention in patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) and normal controls. Studies with Dr. Daniel Ruchkin have demonstrated that memory rehearsal processes are marked by large negative slow waves and that different brain areas are invoked to perform verbal and spatial short~term memory rehearsal processes. Additional studies on the nature of short~ and long~term memory deficits in amnestic patients have been completed and data analysis has begun. A study of multiple sclerosis patients revealed that they have a selective deficit in their short~term memory for verbal materials. Data analysis continues on studies of temporal lobectomy patients, Turner's patients, and the maturation of cognitive processes. Studies with Dr. Wolfgang Miltner have been aimed at providing additional data on the neural generator mechanisms underlying cognitive processes. Patient and control data have been used to validate the predictions of Johnson's model of the variables controlling P300 amplitude. These data revealed that, contrary to the widely accepted notion, the P300 is a component whose amplitude represents the simultaneous utilization of a number of cognitive processing "modules." During recognition memory in controls and patients, these modules appear to indicate the presence and functioning of different memory systems.