An Investigation of Social Mobility Using the ONS Longitudinal Study: sub-national variation and effects of selective education

使用 ONS 纵向研究进行社会流动性调查：地方差异和选择性教育的影响

• 批准号: ES/R00627X/1
• 负责人: Franz Buscha
• 金额: $ 19.08万
• 依托单位: University of Westminster
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FR00627X%2F1
• 关键词: Investigation; Social; Mobility; Using; ONS

Is Britain an open and fair society? Do people achieve career success and social status through talent and hard work? Or, is where we end up in life primarily determined by the circumstances into which we are born? It is questions such as these that we will be concerned with in this research project. Recent research into 'social mobility' has uncovered some uncomfortable truths about how meritocratic Britain really is and how it compares to other modern democracies around the world. In short, the evidence suggests that Britain is not becoming more socially mobile and compares rather unfavourably with its international peers.Yet, existing research on social mobility has focused primarily on national level questions about trends in social mobility over time. We know much less about how rates of social mobility vary across different regions, cities, and towns in Britain, or how variation in social mobility has been affected by changes in the school system. In this research, we address some of these gaps in our understanding of social mobility in Britain. We ask whether some parts of the country are more meritocratic than others; is London the only stepladder to upward mobility, or can those from less advantaged backgrounds also find success in cities like Bristol, Manchester, Birmingham, and Newcastle? Have regional differences in social mobility been stable over time, or have some regions witnessed increasing or declining rates of mobility? Recent research has revealed that 'hot' and 'cold' social mobility spots are evident in the United States. We will consider whether more local variation in social mobility is also evident in Britain. In addition to assessing the extent of regional variation in social mobility in Britain, we will also consider how the change from a predominantly selective to a comprehensive system of education in the 1970s affected social mobility. It is often contended by advocates and opponents of grammar schools alike that selective education promotes (or hinders) social mobility. Yet the evidence base on which such claims rest is thin. In this research we will produce new evidence on a longstanding debate that has been reinvigorated of late by the Government's pledge to expand the number of grammar schools in the next parliament.We will address these questions by analysing a unique data source - the Office for National Statistics Longitudinal Survey (ONS-LS) - which contains linked census records for over two million people in Britain between 1971 and 2011. The LS has a number of useful properties for studying social mobility, which mean we will be able to track representative samples of the British population from childhood to adulthood. We will compare people's occupations at different points in their working lives to those of their parents when LS members were children, decades earlier. We will calculate and compare 'mobility rates' for cohorts of people born between the mid-1950s and the mid-1990s. The very large sample size of the LS means that we will be able estimate rates of absolute and relative inter-generational mobility at regional, county, and Local Authority District levels. In addition, by making use of the geographic information in the LS we will be able to differentiate between areas with high and low concentrations of selective schooling and how this has changed over time, so we can compare social mobility rates according to the school system that LS members were exposed to.The applicants have made extensive use of the ONS-LS in their previous research on social mobility and are thus ideally placed to undertake these analyses.

英国是一个开放和公平的社会吗？人们是通过天赋和努力工作来获得事业成功和社会地位的吗？或者，我们最终在生活中的位置主要取决于我们出生的环境？这是我们在这个研究项目中将要关注的问题。最近对“社会流动性”的研究揭示了一些令人不安的事实，即英国的精英统治到底有多严重，以及它与世界上其他现代民主国家的比较情况如何。简而言之，证据表明英国的社会移动的并没有变得更强，与国际同行相比，英国的社会流动性相当差。然而，现有的社会流动性研究主要集中在国家层面的问题上，即社会流动性的长期趋势。我们对英国不同地区、城市和城镇的社会流动率如何变化，以及学校制度的变化如何影响社会流动的变化知之甚少。在这项研究中，我们解决了一些这些差距，我们在英国的社会流动性的理解。我们会问，这个国家的某些地方是否比其他地方更精英化;伦敦是否是向上流动的唯一阶梯，或者那些背景不那么糟糕的人也能在布里斯托、曼彻斯特、伯明翰和纽卡斯尔等城市获得成功？社会流动性的区域差异是否随着时间的推移而保持稳定，或者某些区域的流动率是否上升或下降？最近的研究表明，在美国，社会流动的“热点”和“冷点”是显而易见的。我们将考虑英国社会流动性的地方差异是否也很明显。除了评估英国社会流动性的区域差异程度外，我们还将考虑20世纪70年代从主要选择性教育到综合性教育的变化如何影响社会流动性。文法学校的支持者和反对者都认为，选择性教育促进（或阻碍）了社会流动。然而，这种说法所依据的证据基础是薄弱的。在这项研究中，我们将为一个长期存在的争论提供新的证据，最近政府承诺在下一届议会中扩大文法学校的数量，这一争论又重新活跃起来。我们将通过分析一个独特的数据来源来解决这些问题-国家统计局纵向调查（ONS-LS）-它包含了1971年至2011年间英国200多万人的相关人口普查记录。LS具有许多用于研究社会流动性的有用特性，这意味着我们将能够跟踪英国人口从童年到成年的代表性样本。我们将比较人们在工作生涯不同阶段的职业与几十年前LS成员还是孩子时他们父母的职业。我们将计算和比较出生于20世纪50年代中期和90年代中期的人群的“流动率”。LS的样本量非常大，这意味着我们将能够估计地区，县和地方当局地区级别的绝对和相对代际流动率。此外，通过利用LS中的地理信息，我们将能够区分选择性学校教育高度集中和低度集中的地区，以及这种情况如何随着时间的推移而变化，因此，我们可以根据LS成员所接触的学校系统比较社会流动率。申请人广泛使用ONS-LS在其先前关于社会流动性的研究中发挥了重要作用，因此处于进行这些分析的理想位置。

项目成果

Ethnic differences in intergenerational housing mobility in England and Wales

英格兰和威尔士代际住房流动性的种族差异

• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Buscha, F

Spatial and Social Mobility in England and Wales: Moving Out to Move On?

英格兰和威尔士的空间和社会流动性：搬出去继续生活？

• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Buscha, F.

Spatial and social mobility in England and Wales: A sub-national analysis of differences and trends over time.

英格兰和威尔士的空间和社会流动性：对随时间推移的差异和趋势的次国家分析。

• DOI: 10.1111/1468-4446.12885
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The British journal of sociology
• 作者: Buscha F

Selective schooling and social mobility in England

• DOI: 10.1016/j.labeco.2023.102336
• 发表时间: 2023-02-03
• 期刊: LABOUR ECONOMICS
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Buscha, Franz;Gorman, Emma;Sturgis, Patrick
• 通讯作者: Sturgis, Patrick

Selective Schooling Has Not Promoted Social Mobility in England

选择性教育并没有促进英国的社会流动性

• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Buscha, F.