Determinants of binding and activity of G-protein coupled receptors RXFP1 and RXFP2; the receptors for relaxin and INSL3

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Relaxin is a hormone which has long been known to have essential roles in pregnancy and birth. However it has also been demonstrated to have far broader involvement in the functioning of the kidney, heart and central nervous system. It is currently in clinical trials with our commercial partner BAS Medical for the treatment of congestive heart failure, cervical ripening and preeclampsia. Furthermore, relaxin shows enormous promise as an antifibrotic agent which has far-reaching therapeutic consequences since fibrosis is a hallmark of all forms of progressive cardiovascular and renal disease and obstructive airway disease (asthma), which collectively contribute to 40-50% of deaths in developed countries. Research into the mechanisms whereby relaxin exerts its cellular effects has been limited by the inability of researchers to identify its receptor. We now know that relaxin acts through a novel G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) Relaxin Family Peptide Receptor (RXFP) RXFP1 and will also acts on a related receptor RXFP2. The RXFP2 receptor is actually the receptor for a hormone with similarities to relaxin, INSL3. It is essential that an appreciation of RXFP receptor function is obtained not only for its important actions in pregnancy, but also for its clinical applications. In this regard, improved understanding of how relaxin and INSL3 interact with their receptors and how these receptors function is essential. We will continue our previously successful approaches to study the interaction of relaxin and INSL3 with these receptors and the mechanisms by which the receptors function. The knowledge gained will aid in the design of smaller, more potent and orally active forms of relaxin and INSL3 for future clinical applications. This multi-disciplinary approach will allow us to fully maximise the clinical potential of this enigmatic hormone.