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Cortical networks underlying primate choice behaviour

灵长类动物选择行为背后的皮质网络

基本信息

批准号：
MR/K005480/1
负责人：
Mark Buckley
金额：
$ 212.29万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FK005480%2F1
关键词：
Cortical networks underlying primate choice

项目摘要

The aim of neuroscience is to understand how the brain works as a system. This is important because many psychiatric and neurological disorders do not involve dysfunction of a single brain region. For example, patients with Schizophrenia show disturbed interactions between different brain areas, as is the case in autism spectrum disorder and a range of other disorders. This research project will not provide a cure for disorders such as these which are associated with prefrontal cortex dysfunction but it will provide significant advances in basic scientific understanding of how brain regions interact in mediating normal cognitive processes from which we may gain a better understanding of how these processes are disrupted in the dysfunctional human brain. Increased scientific knowledge about how the brain works helps set the foundation in place for clinicians and applied scientists in the future to exploit this greater understanding of the brain in developing clinical procedures and treatments. This project specifically aims to increase our understanding of how cortical regions causally interact with each other. The word causal in this context means that the interaction is essential for the influence one brain regions has upon another. The only one way one can prove that region X has a causal influence on region Y is by removing or deactivating X and seeing the effect that this has upon Y. From this one can infer the nature of the influence that X had on Y. To achieve our aim of understanding how the brain operates at a systems level we need to move beyond traditional methodologies which have typically investigated individual brain regions in relative isolation to understand how cortical regions that are connected in large-scale networks influence each other. To understand the nature of causal influence at a neuronal level we need to record neuronal activity from region Y before and after lesions or deactivations of region X. We can also investigate the causal influence that a given region has upon more global systems level function by using neuroimaging techniques such as functional and structural MRI to record task-evoked activity and functional and structural connectivity across the brain and then seeing the extent to which these are disrupted by lesions to target regions. The latter techniques cannot inform one about neuronal mechanisms underlying such interactions whereas the neuronal level investigations are limited in the number of regions one can investigate at any one time. But by following both approaches we aim to link an understanding at the neuronal level to observed changes in global activations and connectivity. Our specific research aims include understanding how primate frontopolar cortex (rodents do not have a corresponding brain regions), which sits at the apex of a hierarchy of cortical regions, operates within a network of brain regions. This is important because the functional importance of frontopolar cortex (which in humans is occupied by the largest cytoarchitectural brain region, area 10) remains an issue of controversy. In macaque monkeys we will combine lesions and reversible inactivations with neuronal recording to understand how different cortical inputs influence frontopolar cortex and how frontopolar cortex exerts top-down influences upon posterior brain regions in turn. Macaques are necessary because these techniques are invasive and we cannot learn how brain regions interact in these ways by studying the human brain. This project will allow us to apply the advances in basic scientific knowledge about how the monkey brain works so as to better understand the human brain.

神经科学的目的是了解大脑作为一个系统是如何工作的。这一点很重要，因为许多精神和神经疾病并不涉及单个大脑区域的功能障碍。例如，精神分裂症患者表现出不同大脑区域之间的相互作用受到干扰，就像自闭症谱系障碍和一系列其他疾病的情况一样。这个研究项目不会为诸如这些与前额皮质功能障碍相关的疾病提供治疗方法，但它将为大脑区域如何在调节正常认知过程中相互作用的基础科学理解提供重大进展，从中我们可以更好地了解这些过程是如何在功能失调的人类大脑中被破坏的。关于大脑如何工作的科学知识的增加有助于为临床医生和应用科学家在未来开发临床程序和治疗中利用对大脑的更深入了解奠定基础。这个项目的具体目的是增加我们对皮层区域如何相互作用的理解。在这种情况下，“因果”一词的意思是相互作用对于一个大脑区域对另一个大脑区域的影响是必不可少的。只有一种方法可以证明区域X因果影响区域处于待发状态是通过删除或X和看到的效果对Y从这个可以推断出的性质影响,X Y来实现我们的目标的理解大脑如何在系统层面上我们需要超越传统方法通常调查个人的大脑区域相对独立理解皮质区域是如何连接的大规模网络相互影响。为了理解神经元层面上因果影响的本质我们需要记录x区域病变或失活前后Y区域的神经元活动我们还可以通过使用神经成像技术，如功能和结构核磁共振成像来记录任务诱发的活动以及整个大脑的功能和结构连接来研究给定区域对更全局系统水平功能的因果影响然后观察这些被破坏的程度病灶转移到目标区域。后一种技术不能告诉人们这种相互作用背后的神经元机制，而神经元水平的研究在任何时候都局限于人们可以研究的区域数量。但是，通过遵循这两种方法，我们的目标是将神经元水平的理解与观察到的全局激活和连接的变化联系起来。我们的具体研究目标包括了解灵长类动物额极皮层（啮齿动物没有相应的大脑区域），它位于皮层区域层次的顶端，如何在大脑区域网络中运作。这一点很重要，因为额极皮层（人类大脑中最大的细胞结构区域，第10区）的功能重要性仍然是一个有争议的问题。在猕猴中，我们将把损伤和可逆失活与神经元记录结合起来，以了解不同的皮层输入如何影响额极皮层，以及额极皮层如何反过来对脑后区施加自上而下的影响。猕猴是必要的，因为这些技术是侵入性的，我们无法通过研究人脑来了解大脑区域如何以这些方式相互作用。这个项目将使我们能够应用关于猴子大脑如何工作的基础科学知识的进展，从而更好地了解人类的大脑。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Functional reorganisation and recovery following cortical lesions: A study in macaque monkeys

DOI：
10.1101/202192
发表时间：
2017-10
期刊：
bioRxiv
影响因子：
0
作者：
Matthew Ainsworth;Helen Browncross;Daniel J. Mitchell;Anna S. Mitchell;R. Passingham;M. Buckley;J. Duncan;A. Bell
通讯作者：
Matthew Ainsworth;Helen Browncross;Daniel J. Mitchell;Anna S. Mitchell;R. Passingham;M. Buckley;J. Duncan;A. Bell

Differential contributions of dorsolateral and frontopolar cortices to working memory processes in the primate.

DOI：
10.3389/fnsys.2015.00144
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
Frontiers in systems neuroscience
影响因子：
3
作者：
Boschin EA;Buckley MJ
通讯作者：
Buckley MJ

Functional reorganisation and recovery following cortical lesions: A preliminary study in macaque monkeys.

DOI：
10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.08.024
发表时间：
2018-10
期刊：
Neuropsychologia
影响因子：
2.6
作者：
Ainsworth M;Browncross H;Mitchell DJ;Mitchell AS;Passingham RE;Buckley MJ;Duncan J;Bell AH
通讯作者：
Bell AH

Mapping causal links between prefrontal cortical regions and intra-individual behavioral variability.