Cognitive DeveLopment in the Urban Environment (The CLUE study)

城市环境中的认知发展（CLUE 研究）

• 批准号: MR/R00322X/1
• 负责人: Mireille Toledano
• 金额: $ 78.75万
• 依托单位: Imperial College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2018 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FR00322X%2F1
• 关键词: Cognitive; DeveLopment; Urban; Environment; CLUE

With increasing population growth and continuing urbanization, air quality and urban noise have emerged as important determinants of the global and European burden of disease, as well as public health within cities. Air pollution concentrations on London's busiest roads continue to exceed UK Air Quality Strategy Objective (AQS) and EU Limit Values, with the Exploration of Health and Lungs in the Environment (EXHALE) demonstrating that approximately 80% of children living in Inner City London boroughs have annual exposures to NO2 in excess of the EU limit value (40 ug/m3), reflecting the high proportion of diesel vehicles. Urban noise also constitutes a problem in densely populated, highly trafficked urban areas. In London, it is predicted that 19% of the population are exposed to residential noise levels, and 100% to night-time noise levels, that exceed WHO guidelines. Recent research suggests that chronic exposure to air pollution and noise may have detrimental effects on cognition, academic performance and behaviour in children, but there is limited scientific evidence and very little is known about possible underlying mechanisms for these effects.This proposal sets out to investigate the emerging hypothesis that children who were born in and grow up in urban environments display impaired cognitive development due to long-term exposures to air pollution and noise from traffic. The CLUE study, which will be nested within the SCAMP study of 6000 secondary school children in Greater London, will exploit detailed air pollution and noise exposure monitoring (including personal monitoring and indoor and outdoor measurements at homes and schools) to enhance existing models for estimating air pollution and noise exposure in this age group. These enhanced models will then be used to estimate air pollution and noise exposure in all SCAMP children. This enhanced modelling approach, applied to a large longitudinal data set will help overcome many of the limitations of previous research that have attempted to investigate the interrelationships between air pollution, noise, cognition, behaviour and academic attainment. We will also investigate the underlying biological mechanisms by which air pollution and noise may impact on cognitive development using a subset of the children from the SCAMP cohort.The emerging evidence that traffic-related pollution/noise impacts on neurological development and degeneration raises significant public health and societal issues. To date much of the focus has been on diesel exhaust emissions, but the evidence base is not wholly coherent due to differences in study design, modelling approaches and exposure profiles (i.e. pollutant concentrations and trends, mixture composition and the make-up of the traffic fleet) between studies. A large-scale longitudinal study within London, examining associations between traffic-related air pollution and noise exposures and cognitive development in children therefore provides a unique opportunity to evaluate this association. London has high levels of NO2, largely arising from the high proportion of diesel vehicles and therefore represents an ideal location to test this hypothesis. As a potential association between traffic-related pollution/noise and impaired cognitive development is of significance at both a societal and economic level, this research has the potential to inform policy across a range of sectors to:(a) improve understanding of potential impacts of these environmental stressors on children's developing brains and educational performance;(b) through identifying the major determinants of exposures to inform traffic mitigation schemes and urban planning to identify ways to reduce noise and air pollution exposure among children;(c) by focusing on source informative modelling estimates of exposure and potential adverse mechanistic pathways to identify which components of the urban air pollution mix are most likely to drive adverse cognitive outcomes.

随着人口增长和城市化的持续，空气质量和城市噪音已成为全球和欧洲疾病负担以及城市公共卫生的重要决定因素。伦敦最繁忙的道路上的空气污染浓度继续超过英国空气质量战略目标（AQS）和欧盟限值，环境中的健康和肺部探索（EXHALE）表明，居住在内城伦敦区的儿童中约有80%的年NO2暴露量超过欧盟限值（40 ug/m3），反映了柴油车的高比例。在人口稠密、交通繁忙的城市地区，城市噪音也是一个问题。在伦敦，据预测，19%的人口暴露于住宅噪音水平，100%暴露于夜间噪音水平，超过世界卫生组织的指导方针。最近的研究表明，长期接触空气污染和噪音可能对儿童的认知、学习成绩和行为产生有害影响，但科学证据有限，对这些影响的潜在机制知之甚少。本提案旨在调查一种新兴的假设，即出生在城市环境中并在城市环境中长大的儿童，由于长期-长期暴露于空气污染和交通噪音。CLUE研究，这将嵌套在SCAMP研究的6000名中学生在大伦敦，将利用详细的空气污染和噪音暴露监测（包括个人监测和室内和室外测量在家里和学校），以加强现有的模型，估计空气污染和噪音暴露在这个年龄组。这些增强的模型将用于估计所有SCAMP儿童的空气污染和噪音暴露。这种增强的建模方法应用于大型纵向数据集，将有助于克服以前试图调查空气污染，噪音，认知，行为和学术成就之间相互关系的研究的许多局限性。我们还将使用SCAMP队列中的一部分儿童调查空气污染和噪音可能影响认知发育的潜在生物学机制。新出现的证据表明，交通相关污染/噪音对神经发育和退化的影响引起了重大的公共卫生和社会问题。迄今为止，重点主要放在柴油机废气排放上，但由于研究设计、建模方法和暴露情况（即污染物浓度和趋势、混合物组成和交通车队的构成）不同，证据基础并不完全一致。因此，在伦敦进行的一项大规模纵向研究，检查了与交通有关的空气污染和噪音暴露与儿童认知发育之间的关系，为评估这种关系提供了一个独特的机会。伦敦的NO2水平很高，主要是由于柴油车的比例很高，因此是测试这一假设的理想地点。由于与交通有关的污染/噪音与认知发展受损之间的潜在联系在社会和经济层面上都具有重要意义，因此这项研究有可能为一系列部门的政策提供信息，以：（a）更好地了解这些环境压力对儿童大脑发育和教育表现的潜在影响;（B）通过确定暴露的主要决定因素，为交通缓解计划和城市规划提供信息，以确定减少噪音和空气污染暴露的方法，儿童;（c）侧重于对暴露和潜在不利机械途径的源信息建模估计，以确定城市空气污染组合中哪些成分最有可能导致不利的认知结果。

项目成果

Assessing the contributions of outdoor and indoor sources to air quality in London homes of the SCAMP cohort

• DOI: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109359
• 发表时间: 2022-07
• 期刊: Building and Environment
• 影响因子: 7.4
• 作者: T. Vu;G. Stewart;N. Kitwiroon;Shanon Lim;B. Barratt;F. J. Kelly;Rhiannon Thompson;Rachel B. Smith;M. Toledano;S. Beevers

Air pollution and human cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

空气污染和人类认知：系统评价和荟萃分析。

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160234
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: Thompson R

Stress and Learning in Pupils: Neuroscience Evidence and its Relevance for Teachers.

• DOI: 10.1111/mbe.12282
• 发表时间: 2021-05
• 期刊: Mind, brain and education : the official journal of the International Mind, Brain, and Education Society
• 作者: Whiting SB;Wass SV;Green S;Thomas MSC
• 通讯作者: Thomas MSC