The Transformation of Transatlantic Counter-Terrorism 2001-2025

该研究金解决了当前反恐工作中两个突出且相互关联的问题。首先，自9/11事件以来，大西洋两岸的反恐组织为何发生了变化，又是如何转变的？其次，鉴于缺乏信任仍然是更好地进行信息交流的关键制约因素，如何才能改善这种状况？这些主题被整合到三个研究问题中：1/后Fordist概念框架是否增强了对跨大西洋CT转型的理解？2/这种转型对信任和信息交换有什么影响？3/如何改善信任？为了解决这些问题，研究员遵循了两个研究线索。第一个解决了美国和欧盟CT组织文献中公认的理论缺失的问题，为9/11以来CT情报和警务的深刻变革提供了一个重要的新理论解释。它将应用最初用于工业社会学的后Fordist框架，以更好地理解CT社区采用的组织解决方案。当把后福特主义置于社会变革的更广泛背景下时，后福特主义的核心组织原则--外包、网络方法、核心-外围分裂以及集中化和去中心化--将在理解为什么以及如何发生跨大西洋CT转型方面开辟新的天地。其他军事社会学理论将在以下方面提供启发性的新视角：自上而下的创新或自下而上的适应性驱动因素；专业地位和组织能力的发展；警察CT反应的军事化；以及这种转变对组织凝聚力、信任和联系的影响，提供迄今最丰富的社会学分析。基于三年的研究并利用申请者独特的CT网络，第二条线索遵循第一条线索，通过试点和完善跨大西洋CT英才中心(COE)发展信任和能力建设。它被实践者认为是帮助中层业务人员之间建立信任的迫切需要，它将通过制定一个教学大纲来实现这一点，该教学大纲侧重于分享业务和组织经验教训、术语标准化和发展信任。正如支持信所表明的那样，COE的成功交付将产生重大的国际实际影响。在后Fordist转型背景下，它还将在这一领域产生关于建立信任和联络的新数据。有一种观点认为，自9/11事件以来，大西洋两岸的CT已经发生了转变，而后福特主义最好地解释了这一点，这一论点是有争议的。转型并不是一成不变的，许多全国性的CT组织仍然抵制或无法改变。然而，有证据表明，后福特主义解释了CT组织的大致轨迹。为了提出这一论点，该项目将首先收集9/11之前美国、欧盟和选定的欧盟成员国CT组织的数据，以利用一手和二手来源建立一个比较的证据基础。其次，利用对参与组织变革的政策制定者和实践者的采访，将分析后Fordist框架的适用性，以及CT转型的自上而下和自下而上的驱动因素。第三，利用实践者访谈和田野调查观察，将审查这种CT转型的一些较低层次的微观社会学方面，例如警察CT反应的军事化和专业性的重要性。第四，将通过与COE与会者的接触来检查CT社区的组织凝聚力、信任和联系。咨询委员会的高级从业人员将确保研究监督，同时将在研究金结束时举行一次会议，阐明从这两个方面吸取的主要经验教训。

This fellowship addresses two salient and inter-related questions in current counter-terrorism. First, why and how have counter-terrorism organisations in the transatlantic space transformed since 9/11? Second, given that a lack of trust remains a key inhibitor for better information exchange, how can it be improved? These themes are integrated in three research questions: 1/ Does a Post-Fordist conceptual framework enhance understanding of transatlantic CT transformation? 2/ What are the implications of this transformation for trust and information exchange? 3/ How can trust be improved?To address these questions the fellowship follows two research strands. The first addresses an acknowledged lack of theory in the literature on US and EU CT organisation by providing a major new theoretical explanation of the profound transformation of CT intelligence and policing since 9/11. It will apply a Post-Fordist framework originally used in industrial sociology to better understand the organisational solutions adopted by CT communities. When placed in the wider context of societal change, Post-Fordism's central organisational tenets of outsourcing; a network approach; core-periphery divide; and centralisation and de-centralisation will break new ground in understanding why and how transatlantic CT transformation has occurred. Other military sociology theories will give illuminating new perspectives on top-down innovative or bottom-up adaptive drivers of transformation; the development of professional status and organisational capabilities; the militarisation of police CT responses; and the implications of this transformation for organisational cohesion, trust and liaison, providing the richest sociological analysis to date.Building on three years of research and exploiting the applicant's unique CT network, the second strand follows the end of strand 1 by developing trust and capacity building through the pilot and refinement of a transatlantic CT Centre of Excellence (CoE). Identified by practitioners as sorely needed to help build trust between mid-level operational personnel, it will do so through the development of a syllabus focused on the sharing of operational and organisational lessons, the standardisation of terminology, and the development of trust. As demonstrated by the supporting letters, successful delivery of the CoE will have major international practical impact. With the Post-Fordist transformation context, it will also generate new data on trust building and liaison in this domain. The argument that there has been a transformation of transatlantic CT since 9/11, and that Post-Fordism best explains this, is controversial. Transformation has not been uniform, and many national CT organisations remain resistant, or unable, to change. Nevertheless, there is evidence to suggest that Post-Fordism explains the broad trajectory of CT organisation. To make this argument, the project will first gather data on US, EU and selected EU Member States CT organisation prior to 9/11 to establish a comparative evidential base using primary and secondary sources. Second, using interviews with policymakers and practitioners involved in organisational change, the applicability of the Post-Fordist framework will be analysed, along with top-down and bottom-up drivers of CT transformation. Third, using practitioner interviews and fieldwork observations, some of the lower-level micro sociological aspects of this CT transformation will be examined, such as the militarisation of police CT responses and the importance of professionalism. Fourth, organisational cohesion, trust and liaison in the CT community will be examined through engagement with CoE attendees. Senior practitioners on the Advisory Board will ensure research oversight, while a conference to elucidate key lessons learnt from both strands will occur towards the end of the fellowship.