VIRUSES AND HEMATOPOEIESIS

造血细胞与病毒相互作用的研究已经取得了进展 集中在细小病毒科和黄病毒科有趣的成员 家人。B19细小病毒感染红系祖细胞和 人类感染导致两种血液学综合征一过性 再生障碍性贫血危象和纯红细胞再生障碍性贫血 儿童期皮疹第五病。被B19的报道激怒了 细小病毒可能参与了急性暴发型肺炎的发病。 肝炎综合征，我们已经使用聚合酶链分析 反应了大量的肝脏样本：根据我们的经验， 大约30%的肝组织含有可检测到的B19细小病毒， 不管最初的诊断是什么。这些结果表明， 病毒在没有药物治疗的情况下可能会在内脏组织中持续少量存在 后果。我们还发现了另一个成员并对其进行了描述 属于感染猪尾猕猴的红血球病毒属。这 和其他红血球病毒有相同的基因同源性和功能 具有B19细小病毒的特征。猿猴属的一种成员，猿猴 细小病毒可能为人类疾病提供了一种动物模型，如积水 致命的是通过实验性的子宫接种在 怀孕的中期。在疫苗试验中，恒河猴有 用配制的空B19细小病毒衣壳免疫 使用几种实验性佐剂，以诱导高滴度的 中和抗体。一个这样的提法应该被证明是合适的 一种预防细小病毒病的人类疫苗。其他病毒研究 包括腺相关病毒成员的克隆和测序 AAV属，其组织向向性不同于传统的 AAV-2；进一步的实验以确定细胞表面的性质 AAV-2受体及非结构蛋白的功能分析 B19细小病毒的蛋白质，负责杀死病毒细胞。 在黄病毒科、庚型肝炎或GBV-C中，一个新的成员 黄疫病毒群，已通过基因扩增在一株 大量正常个体：约为正常个体的6% 越南人是病毒携带者，最近对越南儿童进行了研究 华盛顿地区显示，9%的血浆样本含有GBV-C序列。 到目前为止测序的所有分离株的遗传异质性都很高。 GBV-C是否代表了一种真正的肝炎病毒，它的组织嗜性， 在没有核心蛋白的情况下复制的性质，以及 病毒感染与疾病的关系仍然是当前的重要趋势 问题。

Studies of the interaction of hematopoietic cells and viruses have concentrated on interesting members of the Parvoviridae and Flaviviridae families. B19 parvovirus infects erythroid progenitor cells and infection in humans causes both the hematologic syndromes transient aplastic crisis and pure red cell aplasia as well as the common childhood exanthem fifth disease. Provoked by reports that B19 parvovirus might be involved in the etiology of acute and fulminant hepatitis syndromes, we have analyzed using the polymerase chain reaction a large number of liver samples: in our experience, approximately 30% of liver tissue contain detectable B19 parvovirus, regardless of the primary diagnosis. These results suggest that the virus may persist in small amounts in visceral tissue without medical consequence. We have also discovered and characterized another member of the Erythrovirus genus that infects pig-tailed macaque monkeys. This and other Erythroviruses share genetic homology and functional characteristics with B19 parvovirus. One member of the genus, simian parvovirus, may offer an animal model for human disease, as hydrops fatalis has been reproduced by experimental uterine inoculation during the mid-trimester of pregnancy. In vaccine trials, rhesus monkeys have been immunized with empty B19 parvovirus capsids that were formulated with several experimental adjuvants in order to elicit high titers of neutralizing antibodies. One such formulation should prove appropriate for a human vaccine to prevent parvovirus disease. Other viral studies include cloning and sequencing of a member of the adeno-associated virus genus (AAV), the tissue tropism of which differs from the conventional AAV-2; further experiments to determine the nature of the cell surface receptor for AAV-2; and functional analysis of the non-structural protein of B19 parvovirus, which is responsible for viral cell killing. Of the Flaviviridae, hepatitis G or GBV-C, a novel member of the flavi-pestivirus group, has been detected by gene amplification in a large number of normal individuals: approximately 6% of normal Vietnamese are viremic and more recent studies of children in the Washington area show that 9% of plasma samples contain GBV-C sequences. Genetic heterogeneity is high among all isolates sequenced to date. Whether GBV-C represents a true hepatitis virus, its tissue tropism, the nature of replication in the absence of a core protein, and the relationship of viral infection to disease remain important current questions.