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Landscape genomics, climate change, and adaptation

景观基因组学、气候变化和适应

基本信息

批准号：
NE/I013962/1
负责人：
Rhonda Snook
金额：
$ 49.16万
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI013962%2F1
关键词：
Landscape genomics climate change adaptation

项目摘要

Anthropogenic changes are accelerating the rate at which our environment is changing. In particular, temperature and rainfall patterns are being altered at an alarming pace. Such rapid change threatens biodiversity as organisms struggle to cope with stressful environments, for example, increased temperature. There are limited options for how an organism can respond to a changing environment, but of particular importance will be evolutionary solutions, such as adaptation. Adaptations occur at the genetic level but the nature of the genetic alterations in response to climate change is unclear. Moreover, much understanding about genetic changes is based on laboratory studies, and recent research has suggested that laboratory results do not always translate to how wild populations respond. Thus, to understand how biodiversity will be impacted by changing environments, we critically need information about how natural populations may adapt to environmental changes and the genetic causes of such adaptation. Here we aim to identify adaptive genetic responses to natural temperature changes in wild populations of the fruit fly, Drosophila subobscura. We will establish outdoor enclosures of flies along a temperature gradient at six sites from Valencia, Spain to Uppsala, Sweden. At two stressful temperatures, hot and cold, we will sample males from these captive populations and measure what genes are 'turned up' or 'turned down' in response to these temperatures. We can then compare populations for differences in these genes. We predict that populations in the north will be more cold adapted than those in the south and that therefore the genes that are changed in response to hot and cold stress will be different. Because we will measure these genes using technology that identifies their written code, we can also test whether the code itself differs between populations. Natural selection is thought to result in such coding changes so we will test that prediction here. Finally, we will look for the locations on the genome where these genes are changed. There are areas of the genome which are resistant to random alterations of where a gene is located on a chromosome. Such areas are thought to be important in sheltering genes that provide adaptation to environmental conditions. We will also test that prediction. This triad of genetic responses has neither been examined in one system before, nor in wild populations. Thus, this work will give us unprecedented information on the genetic changes that occur in response to temperature in natural populations. Since the work asks about such changes across a landscape, the research will provide valuable background to a large number of conservation groups and NGOs that have particular interests in land development and species management strategies. Moreover, our work will provide a link between two divisive public issues - climate change and evolution - that can be used to address the nature of science and scientific evidence.

人为变化正在加速我们环境的变化速度。特别是，温度和降雨模式正在以惊人的速度发生变化。这种快速的变化威胁着生物多样性，因为生物正在努力应对压力环境，例如温度升高。生物体如何应对不断变化的环境的选择是有限的，但特别重要的是进化的解决方案，比如适应。适应发生在遗传水平上，但对气候变化作出的遗传改变的性质尚不清楚。此外，对遗传变化的许多了解都是基于实验室研究，最近的研究表明，实验室结果并不总是能解释野生种群的反应。因此，为了理解生物多样性如何受到环境变化的影响，我们迫切需要关于自然种群如何适应环境变化以及这种适应的遗传原因的信息。在这里，我们的目标是确定野生果蝇种群对自然温度变化的适应性遗传反应，果蝇亚bobscura。我们将在从西班牙瓦伦西亚到瑞典乌普萨拉的六个地点沿温度梯度建立室外苍蝇围栏。在两种压力温度下，热和冷，我们将从这些圈养种群中抽取雄性样本，并测量哪些基因在这些温度下“上升”或“下降”。然后，我们可以比较这些基因的差异。我们预测，北方的人口将比南方的人口更适应寒冷，因此，为应对冷热压力而改变的基因将是不同的。因为我们将使用识别其书面代码的技术来测量这些基因，我们也可以测试代码本身是否在人群之间有所不同。人们认为自然选择导致了这种编码变化，所以我们将在这里验证这一预测。最后，我们将寻找基因组中这些基因发生改变的位置。基因组中有一些区域可以抵抗染色体上基因位置的随机改变。这些区域被认为对保护提供适应环境条件的基因很重要。我们也将测试这一预测。这三种遗传反应以前既没有在一个系统中检测过，也没有在野生种群中检测过。因此，这项工作将为我们提供有关自然种群中因温度变化而发生的遗传变化的前所未有的信息。由于这项工作询问了整个景观的这种变化，这项研究将为大量对土地开发和物种管理策略特别感兴趣的保护组织和非政府组织提供有价值的背景。此外，我们的工作将提供两个分裂的公共问题——气候变化和进化——之间的联系，这可以用来解决科学的本质和科学证据。