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Hydrologic and carbon services in the Western Ghats: Response of forests and agro-ecosystems to extreme rainfall events

西高止山脉的水文和碳服务：森林和农业生态系统对极端降雨事件的响应

基本信息

批准号：
NE/I022450/1
负责人：
MICHAEL BONELL
金额：
$ 66.19万
依托单位：
University of Dundee
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FI022450%2F1
关键词：
Hydrologic carbon services Western Ghats

项目摘要

Overall summaryProperties and functions of natural forest ecosystems regulate how rainfall is partitioned into surface flow, sub-surface flow, ground-water and evapotranspiration and also the export of sediment in streams. They also determine how and how much carbon is fixed, stored and lost from these ecosystems. In general, the more carbon that a forest stores in its biomass, the less water that the forest releases into the stream. However, this is not necessarily true under tropical mixed landscapes subject to long-term and intense human use and also as degraded sites are reforested over decades. Information on how these two different types of functions are linked is sparse for tropical forest ecosystems, especially when these ecosystems are degraded by human-use. We know even less about how hydrologic and carbon functions of ecosystems respond to extreme rain events (lots of rain per hour) and high intensity rain. This is occurring with greater frequency and is likely to increase under future climate change in the Western Ghats and adjacent Deccan Plateau which supports livelihoods and needs of 160 Million people. Furthermore, the effects of such extreme rain events on agro-ecosystems in tropical landscapes are also largely unstudied, especially in relation to crop damage and soil loss. One of the gaps in our knowledge is how such extreme rain storms are distributed over space and time, and how this spatial distribution of rain events interacts with different land-use and land-cover in large landscapes to influence hydrology and carbon dynamics. India is one of the global leaders in forestation including experimenting with natural species and large areas of degraded land has been restored or reforested over the past several decades for various benefits. Currently India is planning to reforest over 10 Million Hectares as part of a national plan (Green India Mission) to sequester carbon and help regulate global atmospheric CO2. These initiatives can transform the water and carbon budgets over large areas and also influence availability of water for agricultural use downstream. The proposed project will use existing data and generate new data over three years to help answer some of these questions and fill gaps in our knowledge. This will help policy and decision makers understand the nature of extreme rainfall events and hydrologic and carbon regulatory effects of forest degradation and reforestation. It will also enable assessment of the ability of different ecosystems (natural forests, degraded forests, reforested sites and agro-ecosystems) to perform these functions under future conditions of high intensity or extreme rain events. It will also help agricultural planners determine the sustainability of agricultural land-use under conditions of extreme rain. The implementation of the Green India Mission will benefit from information on the best possible sites to target for restoration and with what type of vegetation. This project will also generate major benefits to the global need for the most optimal strategies in tropical reforestation in which India is taking the lead. It will help guide the selection of watersheds for restoration under the countries watershed development programmes and contribute to policies that help conserve natural habitats and ensure the conservation of ecosystem goods and services.

天然森林生态系统的性质和功能调节降雨如何被分配为地表流、地下流、地下水和蒸散以及河流中沉积物的输出。它们还决定了这些生态系统如何以及有多少碳被固定、储存和损失。一般来说，森林在其生物量中储存的碳越多，森林释放到河流中的水就越少。然而，在长期和密集的人类使用的热带混合景观中，情况不一定如此，而且退化的场地经过几十年的重新造林。关于热带森林生态系统这两种不同类型的功能如何联系起来的信息很少，特别是当这些生态系统因人类使用而退化时。我们对生态系统的水文和碳功能如何应对极端降雨事件（每小时大量降雨）和高强度降雨的了解更少。这种情况发生的频率更高，并且在西高止山脉和邻近的德干高原未来气候变化的情况下可能会增加，该高原支持1.6亿人的生计和需求。此外，这种极端降雨事件对热带地区农业生态系统的影响，特别是对作物损害和土壤流失的影响，在很大程度上也没有得到研究。我们的知识差距之一是这种极端暴雨如何在空间和时间上分布，以及降雨事件的空间分布如何与大景观中不同的土地利用和土地覆盖相互作用，以影响水文和碳动态。印度是全球造林的领导者之一，包括试验自然物种，过去几十年来，大面积退化的土地已经恢复或重新造林，带来了各种好处。目前，印度正计划重新造林1000多万公顷，作为国家计划（绿色印度使命）的一部分，以固碳和帮助调节全球大气二氧化碳。这些举措可以改变大片地区的水和碳预算，并影响下游农业用水的可用性。拟议的项目将在三年内使用现有数据并生成新数据，以帮助回答其中一些问题并填补我们的知识空白。这将有助于政策制定者和决策者了解极端降雨事件的性质以及森林退化和重新造林对水文和碳调节的影响。它还将有助于评估不同生态系统（天然森林、退化森林、重新造林地点和农业生态系统）在未来高强度或极端降雨情况下发挥这些功能的能力。它还将帮助农业规划者确定在极端降雨条件下农业土地使用的可持续性。实施"绿色印度使命"将受益于关于恢复目标的最佳可能地点以及植被类型的信息。该项目还将对全球需要最佳的热带重新造林战略产生重大惠益，印度在这方面处于领先地位。它将帮助指导各国根据流域发展方案选择要恢复的流域，并促进有助于保护自然生境和确保保护生态系统货物和服务的政策。