Mechanisms and implications of the 2011 eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea

厄立特里亚纳布罗火山 2011 年喷发的机制和影响

• 批准号: NE/J012297/1
• 负责人: Clive Oppenheimer
• 金额: $ 6.62万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2011
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2011 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ012297%2F1
• 关键词: Mechanisms; implications; 2011; eruption; Nabro

The eruption of Nabro in Eritrea is of great scientific interest and has had substantial impacts even in the remote part of Afar in which it is located. It is sited in the extensional zone of Afar, but just south of the Mesozoic crustal block of the Danakil Alps. It is a predominantly trachytic edifice, with an 8-km-diameter caldera and associated ignimbrites. This is the first eruption of Nabro on record, highlighting the potential of caldera systems to erupt without warning. It is also the first seismicity of note recorded in this particular part of the rift. Comparatively little is known about magma differentiation, storage and transport mechanisms and eruptive processes in such tectonic settings. The urgency reflects the hope of reaching the site before cessation of lava and gas emissions, while seismicity rates remain high, and to sample undisturbed tephra and lavas. We are the only international group to be invited to visit and study the eruption site. The field data will complement satellite observations of deformation and gas emission. The eruption resulted in seven fatalities and has displaced 5000 people, requiring an ongoing humanitarian response. Aviation was disrupted by ash clouds, adding considerably to work of the Toulouse Volcanic Ash Advisory Centre, which was also tracking the Puyehue plume above southern Africa. Based on satellite observations, the eruption began shortly before 20:42 UTC on 12 June following intense seismicity. The eruption was detected via infrasound records in Djibouti, and already (emissions continue at the time of writing) ranks among the largest sources of SO2 to the atmosphere since the 1991 Pinatubo eruption (~2 Tg of SO2 released according to retrievals of Ozone Monitoring Instrument data). The main aims of the project are to arrive at a detailed synthesis of the nature and causes of the eruption, to evaluate the events in the context of understanding restless calderas worldwide, and to compare and contrast activity of Nabro with the fissural basaltic systems that have been the focus of research by the NERC Afar Consortium (http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/afar/).

厄立特里亚纳布罗火山的喷发具有重大科学意义，甚至对它所在的阿法尔偏远地区也产生了重大影响。它位于阿法尔的伸展带，但位于达纳基尔阿尔卑斯山中生代地壳块的南部。它是一个以粗面岩为主的建筑，有一个直径 8 公里的破火山口和相关的火凝灰岩。这是纳布罗火山有记录以来的首次喷发，凸显了火山口系统在没有预警的情况下喷发的可能性。这也是在裂谷的这个特定部分记录到的第一次值得注意的地震活动。人们对此类构造环境中的岩浆分异、储存和运输机制以及喷发过程知之甚少。这种紧迫性反映了在地震活动率仍然很高的情况下，希望在熔岩和气体排放停止之前到达现场，并对未受干扰的火山灰和熔岩进行采样。我们是唯一受邀参观和研究火山喷发地点的国际团体。现场数据将补充变形和气体排放的卫星观测。火山喷发造成 7 人死亡，并导致 5000 人流离失所，需要持续采取人道主义应对措施。航空业受到火山灰云的干扰，大大增加了图卢兹火山灰咨询中心的工作量，该中心也在追踪非洲南部上空的普耶韦羽流。根据卫星观测，在强烈地震之后，火山喷发于 6 月 12 日世界标准时间 (UTC) 前不久开始。这次喷发是通过吉布提的次声记录检测到的，并且已经成为自 1991 年皮纳图博火山喷发以来（在撰写本文时仍在继续排放）大气中最大的二氧化硫排放源之一（根据臭氧监测仪器数据检索，释放了约 2 Tg 的二氧化硫）。该项目的主要目的是对火山喷发的性质和原因进行详细综合，在了解全球不稳定的破火山口的背景下评估事件，并将纳布罗的活动与裂隙玄武岩系统进行比较和对比，裂隙玄武岩系统一直是 NERC 阿法尔联盟 (http://www.see.leeds.ac.uk/afar/) 研究的重点。

项目成果

Stable reconstruction of generalized impedance boundary conditions

广义阻抗边界条件的稳定重建

• DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1307.5746
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: arXiv e-prints
• 作者: Bourgeois Laurent

Seismic Tomography of Nabro Caldera, Eritrea: Insights Into the Magmatic and Hydrothermal Systems of a Recently Erupted Volcano

厄立特里亚纳布罗火山口的地震层析成像：深入了解最近爆发的火山的岩浆和热液系统

• DOI: 10.1029/2022jb025742
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Solid Earth
• 影响因子: 3.4
• 作者: Gauntlett M

First recorded eruption of Nabro volcano, Eritrea, 2011.

首次记录了纳布罗火山的爆发，厄立特里亚，2011年。

• DOI: 10.1007/s00445-015-0966-3
• 发表时间: 2015
• 期刊: Bulletin of volcanology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: Goitom B;Oppenheimer C;Hammond JO;Grandin R;Barnie T;Donovan A;Ogubazghi G;Yohannes E;Kibrom G;Kendall JM;Carn SA;Fee D;Sealing C;Keir D;Ayele A;Blundy J;Hamlyn J;Wright T;Berhe S
• 通讯作者: Berhe S

The initiation of segmented buoyancy-driven melting during continental breakup.

• DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13110
• 发表时间: 2016-10-18
• 期刊: NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Gallacher, Ryan J.;Keir, Derek;Harmon, Nicholas;Stuart, Graham;Leroy, Sylvie;Hammond, James O. S.;Kendall, J-Michael;Ayele, Atalay;Goitom, Berhe;Ogubazghi, Ghebrebrhan;Ahmed, Abdulhakim
• 通讯作者: Ahmed, Abdulhakim

What causes subsidence following the 2011 eruption at Nabro (Eritrea)?

• DOI: 10.1186/s40645-018-0186-5
• 发表时间: 2018-06
• 期刊: Progress in Earth and Planetary Science
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Joanna Hamlyn;T. Wright;R. Walters;C. Pagli;Eugenio Sansosti;F. Casu;S. Pepe;M. Edmonds;B. Kilbride;D. Keir;J. Neuberg;C. Oppenheimer