UNDERSTANDING LAVA LAKES USING A NOVEL RADAR ALTIMETER

使用新型雷达高度计了解熔岩湖

• 批准号: NE/N009312/1
• 负责人: Clive Oppenheimer
• 金额: $ 52.39万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN009312%2F1
• 关键词: UNDERSTANDING; LAVA; LAKES; USING; NOVEL

We aim to investigate transient, oscillatory and secular behaviour related to the dynamics of magma degassing and transport, and reflected in the levels of lava lakes, and in the composition and fluxes of emitted gases and in other geophysical and geodetic parameters. We will achieve this through detailed studies of the lava lakes of two contrasting "laboratory volcanoes" (Kilauea and Erebus). While both volcanoes host lava lakes, their magma properties differ significantly in terms of composition, crystal content, viscosity and degassing styles. This will enable us to examine a variety of volcanic phenomena and to develop and evaluate hypotheses pertinent to understanding the behaviour of many open-vent volcanoes around the world.Of particular importance to the project, we plan to acquire high-precision, high-temporal resolution and sustained measurements of lava lake level using an innovative and purpose-built radar instrument. This will be a novel adaptation of existing radar systems that have been used for other environmental applications, and builds from work on a prototype radar device that we are already designing and constructing ahead of our next field mission to Erebus volcano. The radar observations will be integrated, at the target volcanoes, with both operational and campaign measurements obtained from ultraviolet and infrared spectroscopy (for gas flux and composition), thermal imagers (for lake surface radiometry and velocimetry), gravimetry (for mass changes), continuous geodesy (to characterise ground deformation) and seismology. The new radar instrument will be integrated into the operational surveillance programme of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory.Our focus in the first half of the project will be on perfecting and installing the radar instrumentation. In the second half we will capitalise on the incoming datastreams, integrate them with our own and other ancillary observations of the target lava lakes, and use time-series analysis to identify temporal evolution of lava lake cycles and secular phenomena, and leads and lags between different parameters (e.g., lake level, gas flux, gas composition). This will help to tease out relationships and feedbacks between degassing, rheology, lake geometry and eruptive style (e.g., explosive vs. passive degassing at Erebus). A key outcome of the project will be the development of hypotheses that explain the complex variations in lava lake level, gas flux and chemistry, mass change and surface deformation that we will have documented in the field. We expect the observed variability and contrasting dynamic regimes to represent both shallow (conduit and lava lake) and deeper (reservoir) processes. A key to the ethos of the project is its combination of expertise in radar instrumentation (UCL) and volcanology (Cambridge), and the close collaboration of UK project members with partners in the USA (the US Geological Survey-Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, and the Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory, which operates from New Mexico Tech.). This is an ambitious project through which we hope to transform aspects of our understanding of magmatic processes, thanks to the planned synergy of electrical engineering, field science, and sophisticated data processing and time-series analysis. We aim to recruit a PhD student through the Cambridge-NERC Earth System Science DTP to develop theoretical aspects of lava lake fluid dynamics. The student would work closely with the PI and named researcher (Dr. Nial Peters).

我们的目标是调查瞬态，振荡和长期的行为有关的岩浆脱气和运输的动力学，并反映在熔岩湖的水平，并在成分和排放的气体通量和其他地球物理和大地测量参数。我们将通过对两个对比鲜明的“实验室火山”（基拉韦厄和埃里伯斯）的熔岩湖进行详细研究来实现这一目标。虽然这两座火山都有熔岩湖，但它们的岩浆性质在成分、晶体含量、粘度和脱气方式方面存在显着差异。这将使我们能够研究各种火山现象，并发展和评价与了解世界各地许多开放式喷口火山的行为有关的假设，对该项目特别重要的是，我们计划使用一种创新的专用雷达仪器，获得对熔岩湖水位的高精度、高时间分辨率和持续的测量。这将是一个新的适应现有的雷达系统，已用于其他环境应用，并建立在一个原型雷达设备，我们已经设计和建设之前，我们的下一个外地使命埃里伯斯火山的工作。在目标火山，将把雷达观测结果与从紫外和红外光谱仪（用于气体流量和成分）、热成像仪（用于湖面辐射测量和速度测量）、重力测量（用于质量变化）、连续大地测量（用于监测地面变形）和地震学获得的业务和活动测量结果结合起来。新的雷达仪器会纳入夏威夷火山观测站的运作监察计划内。我们在项目前半期的工作重点是完善和安装雷达仪器。在下半年，我们将利用传入的数据流，将它们与我们自己和其他目标熔岩湖的辅助观测相结合，并使用时间序列分析来确定熔岩湖周期和长期现象的时间演变，以及不同参数之间的超前和滞后（例如，湖平面、气体通量、气体组成）。这将有助于梳理出脱气、流变学、湖泊几何形状和喷发风格之间的关系和反馈（例如，Erebus的爆炸与被动脱气）。该项目的一个关键成果将是发展假说，解释熔岩湖水位、气体通量和化学、质量变化和地表变形的复杂变化，我们将在现场记录这些变化。我们预计所观察到的变化和对比动态制度，以代表浅（导管和熔岩湖）和更深（水库）的过程。该项目精神的关键是它结合了雷达仪器（UCL）和火山学（剑桥）方面的专业知识，以及英国项目成员与美国合作伙伴（美国地质调查局夏威夷火山观测站和埃里伯斯火山火山观测站，该观测站在新墨西哥州理工大学运行）的密切合作。这是一个雄心勃勃的项目，我们希望通过它来改变我们对岩浆过程的理解，这要归功于电气工程，现场科学以及复杂的数据处理和时间序列分析的计划协同作用。我们的目标是通过剑桥-NERC地球系统科学DTP招募一名博士生，以发展熔岩湖流体动力学的理论方面。学生将与PI和指定研究员（Nial Peters博士）密切合作。

项目成果

Rapid metal pollutant deposition from the volcanic plume of Kilauea, Hawai'i

• DOI: 10.1038/s43247-021-00146-2
• 发表时间: 2021-05-04
• 期刊: COMMUNICATIONS EARTH & ENVIRONMENT
• 影响因子: 7.9
• 作者: Ilyinskaya, Evgenia;Mason, Emily;Damby, David
• 通讯作者: Damby, David

mGEODAR-A Mobile Radar System for Detection and Monitoring of Gravitational Mass-Movements.

• DOI: 10.3390/s20216373
• 发表时间: 2020-11-09
• 期刊: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)
• 作者: Köhler A;Lok LB;Felbermayr S;Peters N;Brennan PV;Fischer JT
• 通讯作者: Fischer JT

Volatile metal emissions from volcanic degassing and lava-seawater interactions at Kilauea Volcano, Hawai'i

夏威夷基拉韦厄火山火山脱气和熔岩-海水相互作用产生的挥发性金属排放

• DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-53034/v1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Mason E

In situ XANES study of the influence of varying temperature and oxygen fugacity on iron oxidation state and coordination in a phonolitic melt

• DOI: 10.1007/s00410-020-01701-4
• 发表时间: 2020-06
• 期刊: Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology
• 影响因子: 3.5
• 作者: C. Le Losq;R. Moretti;C. Oppenheimer;F. Baudelet;D. Neuville