Fragments, functions and flows - the scaling of biodiversity and ecosystem services in urban ecosystems
碎片、功能和流动——城市生态系统中生物多样性和生态系统服务的扩展
基本信息
- 批准号:NE/J015067/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 106.02万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2012
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2012 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
Urban areas cover just 2.8% of the Earth's land area, but over 50% of the human population lives in them, and these proportions are growing rapidly. Such heavy concentration of people has a wide variety of important consequences. Those for their relations with the environment have attracted much recent attention from the media, pressure groups, policy makers, researchers, and local and national government. Of particular concern have been how improvements can most effectively be made to the environmental conditions experienced in urban areas, to the levels of interaction between urban dwellers and the natural environment, and to the contribution of urban areas to the broader scale provision of ecosystem services. This raises the key issue of the form of relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services in urban areas, how the structure of urban areas (the spatial structure of the different kinds and extents of impermeable and permeable surfaces; urban form) influences these relationships, and thus how the existing structure can best be managed and how future structure can be planned to best effect.Although understanding of the levels and distributions both of biodiversity and of ecosystem services in urban areas has improved dramatically in recent years the relationships between biodiversity and ecosystem services have been extremely poorly studied in urban areas (and are largely absent from major collations of empirical studies). Indeed, these environments pose significant and unusual challenges:- the urban landscape is highly fragmented, with large portions sealed by buildings and paving;- greenspaces are embedded in a complex mosaic of buildings and roads that imposes major constraints and directionality on the flows of biodiversity and ecosystem service delivery across the urban landscape;- the intensity of human management of these environments can give rise to spatial patterns and scales of flows of energy, materials and biodiversity on which ecosystem services depend that would not naturally occur; and,- the very aggregations of people that give rise to urban areas typically necessitate less conventional approaches to conducting ecological research therein, involving greater engagement with the general public, and less dependence on the use of large pieces of equipment, which is "out of bounds" to the general population.In order to determine these biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships, develop deeper understanding and to test this understanding our overall approach to this project involves five main steps. We shall:- characterise the spatial ecological structure of urban areas;- determine biodiversity-ecosystem service relationships and the influence of connectivity on them;- determine the flows of biodiversity, and service delivery in selected cases;- experimentally perturb those flows to determine the impact on ecosystem service delivery; and- integrate these findings in the form of spatially explicit models which will form the basis of an "ecosystem service" layer for GIS models.This will enable us to deepen understanding, and to provide illustrations for stakeholders (such as planners, local people and NGOs) as to how "scenarios" of different development proposals might be tested, to provide support for decisions based on sound science and stakeholder engagement.
城市地区仅占地球陆地面积的2.8%,但超过50%的人口居住在城市,而且这一比例还在迅速增长。如此密集的人口会产生各种各样的重要后果。这些与环境的关系引起了媒体、压力团体、政策制定者、研究人员以及地方和国家政府的广泛关注。特别令人关切的是,如何才能最有效地改善城市地区的环境条件,改善城市居民与自然环境之间的相互作用水平,以及改善城市地区对更广泛的生态系统服务的贡献。这就提出了关键问题,即城市地区生物多样性和生态系统服务之间的关系形式,城市地区的结构(不同种类和程度的不透水和透水表面的空间结构;城市形式)如何影响这些关系,从而如何最好地管理现有结构,以及如何规划未来结构以达到最佳效果。尽管近年来对城市地区生物多样性和生态系统服务的水平和分布的理解有了显著提高,但对城市地区生物多样性和生态系统服务之间的关系的研究却非常少(而且在实证研究的主要整理中基本上没有)。事实上,这些环境带来了重大而不寻常的挑战:-城市景观高度分散,大部分被建筑物和路面封闭;-绿地嵌入在复杂的建筑和道路马赛克中,对整个城市景观的生物多样性和生态系统服务提供的流动施加了重大限制和方向性;-人类对这些环境的管理强度可以产生生态系统服务所依赖的能源、材料和生物多样性流动的空间格局和规模,而这些不是自然发生的;而且,正是人口的聚集导致了城市地区的形成,因此在城市地区进行生态研究通常需要不那么传统的方法,需要更多地与公众接触,减少对大型设备使用的依赖,因为大型设备对普通人群来说是“禁区”。为了确定这些生物多样性-生态系统服务关系,发展更深层次的理解,并测试这种理解,我们对这个项目的总体方法包括五个主要步骤。我们将:-厘清市区的空间生态结构;-确定生物多样性-生态系统服务关系以及连通性对它们的影响;-确定生物多样性的流动和在选定情况下提供的服务;-实验干扰这些流量,以确定对生态系统服务提供的影响;并将这些发现以空间明确模型的形式整合起来,这些模型将构成GIS模型的“生态系统服务”层的基础。这将使我们能够加深理解,并为利益相关者(如规划者、当地人和非政府组织)提供关于如何测试不同发展建议的“情景”的说明,为基于可靠科学和利益相关者参与的决策提供支持。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
The rarity of direct experiences of nature in an urban population
- DOI:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2016.12.006
- 发表时间:2017-04-01
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:9.1
- 作者:Cox, Daniel T. C.;Hudson, Hannah L.;Gaston, Kevin J.
- 通讯作者:Gaston, Kevin J.
A multistep approach to improving connectivity and co-use of spatial ecological networks in cities
- DOI:10.1007/s10980-020-01159-6
- 发表时间:2021-01-12
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.2
- 作者:Beaujean, Simon;Nor, Amal Najihah Muhamad;Corstanje, Ron
- 通讯作者:Corstanje, Ron
Physical soil quality indicators for monitoring British soils
用于监测英国土壤的物理土壤质量指标
- DOI:10.5194/se-2016-153
- 发表时间:2016
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:Corstanje R
- 通讯作者:Corstanje R
Doses of Neighborhood Nature: The Benefits for Mental Health of Living with Nature
- DOI:10.1093/biosci/biw173
- 发表时间:2017-02-01
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:10.1
- 作者:Cox, Daniel T. C.;Shanahan, Danielle F.;Gaston, Kevin J.
- 通讯作者:Gaston, Kevin J.
Visualising the urban green volume: Exploring LiDAR voxels with tangible technologies and virtual models
- DOI:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2018.05.024
- 发表时间:2018-07
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:9.1
- 作者:K. Anderson;S. Hancock;Stefano Casalegno;A. Griffiths;David Griffiths;F. Sargent;J. Mccallum;D. Cox;K. Gaston
- 通讯作者:K. Anderson;S. Hancock;Stefano Casalegno;A. Griffiths;David Griffiths;F. Sargent;J. Mccallum;D. Cox;K. Gaston
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James Harris其他文献
Comparison of hypocentre parameters of earthquakes in the Aegean region
- DOI:
10.1016/j.pepi.2007.03.002 - 发表时间:
2007-06-15 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:
- 作者:
Nurcan M. Özel;Avi Shapira;James Harris - 通讯作者:
James Harris
FRI-255 Discordance between peripheral hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) titres and hepatic expression in chronic HBV infection
FRI-255 慢性乙肝病毒感染中外周血乙肝表面抗原(HBsAg)滴度与肝脏表达之间的不一致性
- DOI:
10.1016/s0168-8278(25)01988-9 - 发表时间:
2025-05-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:33.000
- 作者:
James Lok;Yoh Zen;Nadina Wand;James Harris;Zillah Cargill;Kosh Agarwal;Jane McKeating;Ivana Carey - 通讯作者:
Ivana Carey
The health-economic impact of urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio testing for chronic kidney disease in Japanese non-diabetic patients
- DOI:
10.1007/s10157-024-02600-9 - 发表时间:
2024-12-16 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:1.700
- 作者:
Tsuneo Konta;Koichi Asahi;Kouichi Tamura;Fumitaka Tanaka;Akira Fukui;Yusuke Nakamura;Junichi Hirose;Kenichi Ohara;Yoko Shijoh;Matthew Carter;Kimberley Meredith;James Harris;Örjan Åkerborg;Naoki Kashihara;Takashi Yokoo - 通讯作者:
Takashi Yokoo
Mutual intelligibility: depictions of England in German literature and thought
- DOI:
10.1386/cost.1.1.61/1 - 发表时间:
2010-01 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
James Harris - 通讯作者:
James Harris
Polytopal resolutions for finite groups
有限群的多面解析
- DOI:
- 发表时间:
2006 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:0
- 作者:
G. Ellis;James Harris;Emil Sköldberg - 通讯作者:
Emil Sköldberg
James Harris的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('James Harris', 18)}}的其他基金
Restoring Resilient Ecosystems (RestREco)
恢复弹性生态系统(RestREco)
- 批准号:
NE/V006444/1 - 财政年份:2020
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Completion of an intellectual biography of David Hume
完成大卫·休谟的知识分子传记
- 批准号:
AH/I022759/1 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
Fellowship
[WATER] Competitive exclusion as a means to reduce E. coli regrowth in digested sludge
[水] 竞争排除是减少消化污泥中大肠杆菌再生的一种手段
- 批准号:
NE/I018247/1 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
Training Grant
DOES DIVERSITY IMPROVE THE STABILITY OF EXTENSIVE WASTEWATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS UNDER CHANGING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS? - Pilot Phase
多样性能否提高广泛的废水处理系统在不断变化的环境条件下的稳定性?
- 批准号:
EP/G005788/1 - 财政年份:2009
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Impact of manufactured nanoparticles on the catabolic capabilities and phenotypic structure of soil microbial communities
人造纳米颗粒对土壤微生物群落分解代谢能力和表型结构的影响
- 批准号:
NE/F011784/1 - 财政年份:2008
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Stalin on Stalinism: a study of Stalin's political values based on his private papers
斯大林论斯大林主义:基于斯大林私人文件的政治价值观研究
- 批准号:
111817/1 - 财政年份:2006
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Utah Valley State College Virtual Herbarium
犹他谷州立大学虚拟植物标本馆
- 批准号:
0447301 - 财政年份:2005
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Use of Technology for Undergraduate Engineering Education
本科工程教育中的技术应用
- 批准号:
8854620 - 财政年份:1988
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Creativity in Engineering: A Vertical Field Effect Transitor for Study of Ballistic Transport
工程创造力:用于弹道输运研究的垂直场效应传输器
- 批准号:
8711693 - 财政年份:1987
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
Continuing Grant
Workshop on Undergraduate Education in Electrical Engineering
电气工程本科教育研讨会
- 批准号:
8751395 - 财政年份:1987
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
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数学物理中精确可解模型的代数方法
- 批准号:11771015
- 批准年份:2017
- 资助金额:48.0 万元
- 项目类别:面上项目
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Mechanisms and developmental functions of cytoplasmic flows in early embryogenesis
早期胚胎发生中细胞质流动的机制和发育功能
- 批准号:
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Study on Hamilton-Jacobi flows with initial data of various pathological functions
各种病理功能初始数据的Hamilton-Jacobi流研究
- 批准号:
21K03322 - 财政年份:2021
- 资助金额:
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- 批准号:
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Mechanisms and developmental functions of cytoplasmic flows in early embryogenesis
早期胚胎发生中细胞质流动的机制和发育功能
- 批准号:
10491186 - 财政年份:2021
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L-functions of pseudo-Anosov flows and idele theory for 3-manifolds
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- 批准号:
19K14538 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
Grant-in-Aid for Early-Career Scientists
Wave transport in low-density matter, Siegel theta functions, and homogeneous flows
低密度物质中的波传输、西格尔 theta 函数和均匀流
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EP/S024948/1 - 财政年份:2019
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
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The Discontinuous Petrov Galerkin Method with Optimal Test Functions for Compressible Flows and Ductile-to-Brittle Phase Transitions
具有最佳测试函数的不连续 Petrov Galerkin 方法用于可压缩流动和延性到脆性相变
- 批准号:
1819101 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
Standard Grant
Study on Hamilton-Jacobi flows with initial data of pathological functions
病理功能初始数据的Hamilton-Jacobi流研究
- 批准号:
18K03360 - 财政年份:2018
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
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Diversity and functions of chytrids in lakes and oceans: Develoment of detection methods and quantifying material flows(Fostering Joint International Research)
湖泊和海洋中壶菌的多样性和功能:检测方法的开发和量化物质流(促进国际联合研究)
- 批准号:
15KK0026 - 财政年份:2015
- 资助金额:
$ 106.02万 - 项目类别:
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Higher order accurate simulation of compressible multi-phase flows by means of a Discontinuous Galerkin method with non-smooth basis functions
利用非光滑基函数的间断伽辽金法对可压缩多相流进行高阶精确模拟
- 批准号:
250648477 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
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Research Grants