SALT-SENSITIVITY--CLASSIFICATION AND DIETARY SODIUM AND CALCIUM

有人建议，减少钠的摄入量， 一般人口。 然而，有证据表明，并非所有 个体将从这样的饮食变化中受益，在一些人中， 可能导致血压和血脂升高。 个人 血压升高或下降， 钠摄入量的减少被称为盐敏感性（SS）， 对盐不敏感。 旨在识别SS的程序 个人，即，那些可能受益于减少盐的人 但是，没有一个适合以人口为基础的 筛选 这个项目的一个目的是探索 SS和SI个体在选定的生理特征上的差异 这可能更适合于作为基于人群筛查的测量 指数。 具体而言，将对唾液流量进行评估， NaCl的钠组成、味道强度和享乐判断， 葡萄糖和柠檬酸，对生理盐水的初始利钠反应 摄入、葡萄糖耐量和血浆胰岛素水平。 主 识别党卫军个人的目的是提高效率， 饮食干预的有效性，但是，很少有人知道 影响长期坚持低钠饮食的因素 党卫军 该项目的第二个目标是监测SS和SI 委员会还将收集关于此类饮食的个人的信息，并记录遵守规定方面的明显障碍。 150名血压正常的成年人将参加这项研究。 大约6个月的方案。 在头五天，基线 将获得血压、身体成分（通过 人体测量和生物电阻抗）和钠摄入量（通过尿 用力）。 此外，盐的味道反应性和偏好， 唾液功能（流量和Na浓度）以及血糖 口服葡萄糖耐量试验前后的胰岛素水平 进行测量，以分析其对SS的预测能力 分类. 在接下来的11天内，将监测血压 每隔一天，而参与者坚持低（4天）和高（7 天）盐饮食。 平均动脉压升高至少5 mmHg 在每个饮食期的最后一天之间将提供SS的基础 分类. 在第4周，口服利尿剂的初始利尿反应 暴露于等渗盐水将被确定为另一种潜在的 预测指数 在此之后，将规定减少钠饮食 4个月。 一半的参与者还将获得钙 其他人将被给予安慰剂。 感官测试和 每月将进行关于饮食依从性障碍的调查 在此期间 饮食依从性将由饮食决定 记录、激素（甲状旁腺、降钙素）水平和尿排泄 Na、K、N和Ca的含量。

It has been recommended that ingestion of sodium be reduced in the general population. However, there is evidence indicating that not all individuals will benefit from such a dietary change and that, in some, it may lead to a rise in blood pressure and serum lipids. Individuals whose blood pressure rises or declines in response to elevations or reductions of sodium intake have been termed salt-sensitive (SS) and salt-insensitive, respectively. Procedures designed to identify SS individuals, i.e., those likely to benefit from a reduction of salt intake, have been proposed but, none is suitable for population-based screening. One aim of this project will be to explore differences between SS and SI individuals on selected physiological characteristics that may be more suitable for measurement as population-based screening indices. Specifically, assessments will be made of salivary flow and sodium composition, taste intensity and hedonic judgements of NaCI, glucose and citric acid, the initial natriuretic response to saline ingestion, and glucose tolerance and plasma insulin levels. A primary purpose for identifying SS individuals is to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of dietary interventions but, little is known about the factors influencing long-term adherence to a reduced sodium diet among the SS. A second aim of this project will be is to monitor SS and SI individuals on such a diet and to document noted obstacles to compliance. One hundred and fifty normotensive adults will participate in this approximately 6 month protocol. During the first five days, baseline values will be obtained for blood pressure, body composition (by anthropometry and bioelectrical impedance) and sodium intake (by urinary exertion). In addition, salt taste responsiveness and preference, salivary function (flow and Na concentration) as well as plasma glucose and insulin levels before and after an oral glucose tolerance test will be measured to permit analysis of their predictive power for SS classification. During the next 11 days blood pressure will be monitored every other day while participants adhere to a low (4 days) and high (7 days) salt diet. At least a 5mmHg increase of mean arterial pressure between the last day of each diet period will provide the basis for SS classification. During week 4, initial diuretic response to oral exposure to isotonic saline will be determined as another potential predictive index. Following this, a reduced Na diet will be prescribed for 4 months. Half of the participants will also receive a calcium supplement while the others will be given placebos. Sensory tests and inquires about obstacles to dietary compliance will be conducted monthly during this period. Dietary compliance will be determined by diet records, hormone (parathyroid, calcitonin) levels and urinary excretion of Na, K, nitrogen and Ca.