The Global Methane Budget

全球甲烷预算

• 批准号: NE/N016548/1
• 负责人: Matthew Rigby
• 金额: $ 43.49万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN016548%2F1
• 关键词: Global; Methane; Budget

Methane is the second most important greenhouse gas contributing to human-induced global warming. Atmospheric methane concentrations have increased sharply since 2007, and dramatically in 2014, for reasons that are not understood. The overall increase since 2007 is comparable to the largest growth events over the past 1000 years. The recent rises have occurred worldwide, but after an Arctic pulse in 2007, the growth has been primarily in the tropics and southern hemisphere. Strong growth continues in 2015. Carbon isotopic evidence suggests that the increase is due to sources that are predominantly biogenic in origin, with changes in the anthropogenic sources from fossil carbon and burning (e.g., natural gas leakage, coal mining and so on) playing a subordinate role. This, taken with the tropical locus on growth, suggests that the increase has primarily been driven by meteorological change (e.g., temperature, rainfall). Moreover, the global methane budget is currently not well understood. "Bottom-up" estimates, made by aggregating inventories of emissions (e.g. from gas leaks, fires, landfills, cows, etc) or from process models (e.g., wetlands) balanced with known loss processes, are significantly different from '"top-down" budgets assessed by direct measurement of methane in the atmosphere. Why this discrepancy occurs is not known.The project has four components:1. Better Observations are needed to derive estimates of emissions. The project will support a UK observation network for methane and its isotopes. Continuous stations will be at Kjolnes (Norway), Weybourne, Jersey, NERC ship RRS JC Ross, Cape Verde, Ascension, Falklands, Halley Bay, Hong Kong, with partner stations in Canada, Spitsbergen, Bolivia, S. Africa, India, Rwanda and Malaysia. Flask or bag sampling (for methane, 13C and D/H isotopes) will also be undertaken at these stations and at a number of continental stations in S. America, Africa and S, SE and E Asia, with offline analysis in the UK. A D/H measurement facility will be set up. The UK FAAM aircraft will carry out flights across the Atlantic tropics, from Azores to Cape Verde to Ascension.2. Process Studies will address the largest information gaps in the global budget. Tropical emission fluxes and isotopic signatures are not well constrained. Field campaigns will be undertaken in tropical wetlands in Amazonia, Africa, India and SE Asia, and C4 savanna biomass burn regions. Poorly understood anthropogenic sources will be studied in Kuwait and S, SE and E Asia. Characteristic isotopic signatures of regional emissions will be determined, to support global and regional modelling. Land surface modelling and satellite studies will study emissions and responses to change in temperature and precipitation. Major sink processes will be investigated in the tropical atmosphere, with vertically and latitudinally resolved OH and Cl budget studies by the FAAM aircraft, and quantification of tropical uptake by soils.3. Atmospheric modelling will be used to derive regional and global fluxes, apportioned by source type and geography using integrated in situ and remote sensing observing systems. We will carry out regional trajectory studies using models like NAME to assess regional emissions. Global modelling using 3D models will test synthetic estimates of the methane mole fraction and isotopic record. Global inverse modelling for mole fraction, 13C and D/H will be used to estimate fluxes by geographic source and source type, including a comprehensive assessment of the uncertainties that remain once all available observations have been used.4. Integrative studies will use the results from the project to test top-down and bottom-up emission estimates, and evaluate the responses of the global methane budget to projections of climate change.The project will deliver a state of the art greenhouse gas monitoring network and much better knowledge of the global methane budget.

甲烷是导致人类导致全球变暖的第二大温室气体。自2007年以来，大气中甲烷浓度急剧上升，并在2014年急剧上升，原因不明。自2007年以来的总体增长可与过去1000年来最大的增长事件相媲美。最近的上升发生在世界各地，但在2007年的北极脉动之后，增长主要发生在热带和南半球。2015年继续保持强劲增长。碳同位素证据表明，这一增长是由于以生物来源为主的来源，而化石碳和燃烧(如天然气泄漏、煤炭开采等)的人为来源的变化起到了次要作用。这与热带地区的增长轨迹相结合，表明增长主要是由气象变化(例如，温度、降雨量)推动的。此外，全球甲烷预算目前还没有得到很好的理解。通过汇总排放清单(例如气体泄漏、火灾、垃圾填埋场、奶牛等)或通过过程模型(例如湿地)与已知的损失过程相平衡而做出的“自下而上”估计，与通过直接测量大气中甲烷评估的“自上而下”预算有很大不同。目前尚不清楚为什么会出现这种差异。该项目由四个部分组成：1.需要更好的观察来得出排放量的估计。该项目将支持英国的甲烷及其同位素观测网络。连续空间站将设在挪威的Kjolnes、韦伯恩、泽西岛、NERC Ship RRS JC Ross、佛得角、阿森松、福克兰群岛、香港的哈雷湾，以及加拿大、斯皮茨卑尔根、玻利维亚、南非、印度、卢旺达和马来西亚的合作空间站。还将在这些监测站以及南美洲、非洲和S、东南亚和东亚的一些大陆监测站进行瓶或袋采样(甲烷、13C和D/H同位素)，并在英国进行离线分析。将建立D/H测量设施。英国FAAM飞机将执行飞越大西洋热带地区的飞行，从亚速尔群岛到佛得角再到阿森松岛。流程研究将解决全球预算中最大的信息缺口。热带排放通量和同位素特征没有得到很好的约束。将在亚马逊、非洲、印度和东南亚的热带湿地以及C4稀树草原生物质燃烧地区开展实地活动。将在科威特、S、东南亚和东亚研究知之甚少的人为来源。将确定区域排放的特征同位素特征，以支持全球和区域建模。陆地表面模拟和卫星研究将研究排放量和对温度和降水变化的反应。将研究热带大气中的主要汇过程，FAAM飞机在垂直和纬度上分辨的OH和Cl收支研究，以及土壤对热带吸收的量化。将利用综合的就地和遥感观测系统，利用大气模型得出按来源类型和地理分布的区域和全球通量。我们将使用NAME等模型进行区域轨迹研究，以评估区域排放。使用3D模型的全球建模将检验对甲烷摩尔分数和同位素记录的综合估计。将使用摩尔分数、13C和D/H的全球逆模拟方法，按地理来源和来源类型估算通量，包括对使用所有可用观测值后仍然存在的不确定性进行全面评估。综合研究将利用该项目的结果来测试自上而下和自下而上的排放估计，并评估全球甲烷预算对气候变化预测的反应。该项目将提供最先进的温室气体监测网络，并更好地了解全球甲烷预算。

项目成果

Spatially Resolved Isotopic Source Signatures of Wetland Methane Emissions

• DOI: 10.1002/2018gl077536
• 发表时间: 2018-04-28
• 期刊: GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH LETTERS
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Ganesan, A. L.;Stell, A. C.;Hornibrook, E. R. C.
• 通讯作者: Hornibrook, E. R. C.

Atmospheric observations show accurate reporting and little growth in India's methane emissions.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00994-7
• 发表时间: 2017-10-10
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Ganesan AL;Rigby M;Lunt MF;Parker RJ;Boesch H;Goulding N;Umezawa T;Zahn A;Chatterjee A;Prinn RG;Tiwari YK;van der Schoot M;Krummel PB
• 通讯作者: Krummel PB

Opportunities for an African greenhouse gas observation system

• DOI: 10.1007/s10113-021-01823-w
• 发表时间: 2021-10
• 期刊: Regional Environmental Change
• 影响因子: 4.2
• 作者: L. Merbold;R. Scholes;M. Acosta;Johannes Beck;A. Bombelli;Bjoern Fiedler;E. Grieco;J. Helmschrot;W. Hugo;V. Kasurinen;Dong-Gill Kim;A. Körtzinger;S. Leitner;A. López-Ballesteros;Mylene Ndisi;Aecia Nickless;Emmanuel Salmon;M. Saunders;I. Skjelvan;A. Vermeulen;W. Kutsch

Advancing Scientific Understanding of the Global Methane Budget in Support of the Paris Agreement

• DOI: 10.1029/2018gb006065
• 发表时间: 2019-12-23
• 期刊: GLOBAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Ganesan, Anita L.;Schwietzke, Stefan;Manning, Martin
• 通讯作者: Manning, Martin

Atmospheric observations consistent with reported decline in the UK's methane emissions (2013-2020)

大气观测结果与报告的英国甲烷排放量下降一致（2013-2020 年）

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-16257-2021
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Lunt M