Detection and Attribution of Regional greenhouse gas Emissions in the UK (DARE-UK)

英国区域温室气体排放的检测和归因（DARE-UK）

• 批准号: NE/S004211/1
• 负责人: Matthew Rigby
• 金额: $ 131.06万
• 依托单位: University of Bristol
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FS004211%2F1
• 关键词: Detection; Attribution; Regional; greenhouse; gas

In order to mitigate the effects of climate change, governments, private companies and individual citizens are taking action to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Our project will provide new information that can be used to better evaluate the change in emissions that result from these actions. We will help the UK government track the effectiveness of emissions reductions policies that have been implemented to meet the targets laid out in the Climate Change Act (2008), which mandates that GHG emissions are reduced by 80% below 1990 levels by 2050. The UK has played a major part in recent scientific and technological advances in emissions reporting and evaluation. Its GHG emission inventory, which is compiled based on data relating to human activities and rates of emission from each activity, is world-leading. Furthermore, the UK is one of only two countries that regularly submits a second estimate of emissions, those derived from atmospheric measurements, as part of its annual United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) submission. This second "top-down" estimate can be used to assess where uncertainties lie in the inventory and where further development is needed. However, limitations exist in our scientific knowledge and in our technical capabilities that prevent the UK, or any other country, from further improving its emissions reports through the incorporation of atmospheric data. Through the NERC Greenhouse Gas & Emissions Feedback programme, which ended in 2017, we demonstrated the ability to quantify the UK's net national GHG fluxes using atmospheric observations. However, we have not yet been able to separately estimate fossil fuel and biospheric carbon dioxide sources and sinks, or determine the major sectors driving changes in the UK's methane emissions. This proposal will develop new science to address these needs, and pave the way towards the next generation of GHG evaluation methodologies. Our work will span four key areas:1) Improving models of emissions from individual source and sink sectors to determine when and where GHG emissions to the atmosphere occur from both natural and anthropogenic systems.2) Utilising new surface and satellite atmospheric GHG observations, such as isotopic measurements of methane and carbon dioxide, and measurements of co-emitted or exchanged gases (oxygen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide and ethane) to provide information on emissions from different sectors.3) Utilising enhanced model-data fusion methods for making use of these new observations and for better quantifying uncertainties.4) Integrating data streams to determine the highest level of confidence in the UK's emissions estimate.To improve the transparency of national reports, scientists and policy makers have been strongly advocating for the combination of such methods in the reporting process. The UNFCCC, at its 2017 Conference of Parties, acknowledged the important role that emissions quantified through atmospheric observations could have in supporting inventory evaluation (SBSTA/2017/L.21). Through our close links to the inventory communities in the UK and around the world, the IPCC and to UK policy makers, we can ensure that our work will be used to update and improve the UK's GHG submission to the UNFCCC and will showcase methods of best-practice.

为了减轻气候变化的影响，政府，私人公司和个人公民正在采取行动减少温室气体的排放（GHG）。我们的项目将提供新信息，可用于更好地评估这些行动导致的排放变化。我们将帮助英国政府跟踪减少排放量政策的有效性，这些政策已实施，以满足《气候变化法》（2008年）中规定的目标，该法案规定，到2050年，GHG排放量低于1990年的80％。它的温室气体排放库存是根据与每个活动的人类活动和排放率有关的数据编制的，是世界领先的。此外，作为其年度联合国气候变化框架公约（UNFCCC）提交的一部分，英国是仅定期提交排放量的第二个估算的两个国家之一。第二个“自上而下”估计值可用于评估不确定性在库存中以及需要进一步发展的位置。但是，我们的科学知识和我们的技术能力中存在局限性，以防止英国或任何其他国家通过合并大气数据进一步改善其排放报告。通过于2017年结束的NERC温室气体和排放反馈计划，我们证明了使用大气观测来量化英国净国家温室气体通量的能力。但是，我们尚未能够分别估计化石燃料和生物圈二氧化碳来源和水槽，或者确定驱动英国甲烷排放变化的主要部门。该建议将开发新科学来满足这些需求，并为下一代温室气体评估方法铺平道路。我们的工作将跨越四个关键领域：1）改进来自单个来源和下沉部门的排放模型，以确定气体对大气的何时何地发生在天然和人为系统中。二氧化氮和乙烷）以提供有关来自不同领域排放的信息。3）利用增强的模型数据融合方法来利用这些新的观察结果并更好地量化不确定性。4）整合数据流以确定英国评估估算的最高水平，以提高该方法的总和，以提高基于国民的范围，以提高科学范围的范围。报告过程。在2017年的政党会议上，UNFCCC承认通过大气观察量化的排放可能在支持库存评估中具有的重要作用（SBSTA/2017/L.21）。通过我们与英国及世界各地库存社区，IPCC和英国政策制定者的密切联系，我们可以确保我们的工作将被用来更新和改善英国的GHG提交给UNFCCC，并将展示最佳实践的方法。

项目成果

Two decades of flask observations of atmospheric dO<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>, CO<sub>2</sub>, and APO at stations Lutjewad (the Netherlands) and Mace Head (Ireland) plus 3 years from Halley station (Antarctica)

二十年来对大气 dO 的烧瓶观测

• DOI: 10.5194/essd-2021-213
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Nguyen L

Atmospheric oxygen as a tracer for fossil fuel carbon dioxide: a sensitivity study in the UK

大气中的氧气作为化石燃料二氧化碳的示踪剂：英国的一项敏感性研究

• DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-2023-385
• 发表时间: 2023
• 作者: Chawner H

Atmospheric observations consistent with reported decline in the UK's methane emissions (2013-2020)

大气观测结果与报告的英国甲烷排放量下降一致（2013-2020 年）

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-21-16257-2021
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Lunt M

Development of an urban greenhouse gas modelling system to support a London monitoring network

开发城市温室气体建模系统以支持伦敦监测网络

• DOI: 10.1002/wea.3795
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Weather
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Hoare T

Rapid increase in dichloromethane emissions from China inferred through atmospheric observations.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27592-y
• 发表时间: 2021-12-14
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: An M;Western LM;Say D;Chen L;Claxton T;Ganesan AL;Hossaini R;Krummel PB;Manning AJ;Mühle J;O'Doherty S;Prinn RG;Weiss RF;Young D;Hu J;Yao B;Rigby M
• 通讯作者: Rigby M