The North Atlantic Climate System Integrated Study

整个北大西洋气候系统正在发生重大变化：海洋和大气温度和环流、海冰厚度和范围以及臭氧、甲烷和称为气溶胶的颗粒等关键大气成分。许多观测到的变化在仪器记录中是前所未有的。北大西洋的变化直接影响英国的气候、天气和空气质量，对农业、渔业、水、能源、交通和健康产生重大经济影响。北大西洋也具有全球重要性，因为这里的变化驱动气候变化，危险天气和空气质量更远的地方，如在北美，非洲和亚洲。ACSIS是一个为期5年的战略研究计划，汇集和利用广泛的能力和专业知识，在英国环境科学界。其目标是提高联合王国探测、归因（即解释原因）和预测北大西洋气候系统变化的能力。ACSIS将通过整合大气物理和化学、海洋状态和北极冰的新老观测结果，提供对北美气候系统的新认识。观测结果将得到详细的数据分析和数值模拟的补充。观测将来自现有的网络，来自NERC自己在北大西洋的观测站点，以及来自太空。使用NCAS FAAM飞机进行的季节性调查将进一步加强我们的观测战略。观测机会的一个关键方面是，第一次可以获得足够长的多变量数据记录。建模部分将涉及核心数值模拟，包括使用最新参数化和前所未有的空间细节的先进大气、海洋、海冰、化学和气溶胶模型，以及调查特定时间段或探索和解释特定观测的定制实验。ACSIS将在理解和预测北美气候系统的变化方面取得进展，这些变化可以用来评估这些变化对英国和其他国家的影响-例如，在危险天气风险，环境和企业的后果方面。ACSIS的产出还将为气候变化适应和空气质量政策提供信息。

Major changes are occurring across the North Atlantic climate system: in ocean and atmosphere temperatures and circulation, in sea ice thickness and extent, and in key atmospheric constituents such as ozone, methane and particles known as aerosols. Many observed changes are unprecedented in instrumental records. Changes in the North Atlantic directly affect the UK's climate, weather and air quality, with major economic impacts on agriculture, fisheries, water, energy, transport and health. The North Atlantic also has global importance, since changes here drive changes in climate, hazardous weather and air quality further afield, such as in North America, Africa and Asia.ACSIS is a 5 year strategic research programme that brings together and exploits a wide range of capabilities and expertise in the UK environmental science community. It's goal is to enhance the UK's capability to detect, attribute (i.e. explain the causes of) and predict changes in the North Atlantic Climate System. ACSIS will deliver new understanding of the NA climate system by integrating new and old observations of atmospheric physics and chemistry, of the ocean state and of Arctic Ice. The observations will be complemented by detailed data analysis and numerical simulations. Observations will come from existing networks, from NERC's own observational sites in the North Atlantic, and from space. Seasonal surveys using the NCAS FAAM aeroplane will further enhance our observational strategy. A key dimension of the observational opportunity is that data records of sufficient length, for multiple variables, are becoming available for the first time. The modelling component will involve core numerical simulations with cutting-edge atmosphere, ocean, sea ice, chemistry and aerosol models using the latest parameterizations and unprecedented spatial detail, as well as bespoke experiments to investigate specific time periods or to explore and explain particular observations. ACSIS will provide advances in understanding and predicting changes in the NA climate system that can be exploited to assess the impact of these changes on the UK and other countries - for example in terms of the consequences for hazardous weather risk, the environment and businesses. ACSIS outputs will also inform policy on climate change adaptation and air quality.