A Consolidated Grant Proposal for Solar and Planetary Science at the University of Leicester, 2019 - 2022

莱斯特大学太阳和行星科学综合资助提案，2019 - 2022

• 批准号: ST/S000429/1
• 负责人: Mark Lester
• 金额: $ 266.08万
• 依托单位: University of Leicester
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FS000429%2F1
• 关键词: Consolidated; Grant; Proposal; Solar; Planetary

We propose a world-class programme of research that focuses on two main areas of study concerned with our solar system. The first involves study of the outer environments of the planets where the gas is in the plasma (ionized) state, such that it not only feels the gravitational pull of the planet, but also interacts strongly with its magnetic field. In the second area we seek to study the origin and development of solar system bodies, and the impact on the evolution of life, through detailed examination of the composition of samples from Mars, which will provide information on the way in which the surface of the planet has evolved, interactions with water, and interactions between surface and the atmosphere.Previous work in the first area shows that the outer environments of the planets vary widely, determined by the interaction with the plasma wind that blows continuously from the Sun on the outside, and the interaction with the planet and its moons on the inside. The solar wind is prone to outbursts that can lead to magnetic storms and bright auroras at Earth, as well as varying strongly over the 11-year solar cycle, and with distance from the Sun. Its interaction with the planets then depends on whether the planet is magnetised, has an atmosphere, and has active moons orbiting close in. We will use spacecraft data to study Mercury close to the Sun that has a magnetic field but almost no atmosphere (MESSENGER mission), Mars further away that has an atmosphere but no strong magnetic field to prevent its erosion by the solar wind (Mars Express and MAVEN), and Earth at intermediate distances having both an atmosphere and a magnetic field (using data from a number of missions (Iridium satellite constellation, van Allen probes, Arase) and ground based facilities (SuperDARN and SuperMAG). We will also study the strongly magnetized giant planets Jupiter and Saturn using data from the new Juno mission at Jupiter and Cassini at Saturn, combined with observations of the auroras at ultraviolet wavelengths using the Hubble Space Telescope and at infrared wavelengths using large ground-based telescopes. Auroras are caused by large-scale electric currents flowing between the outer environments and the upper ionized atmospheres, which communicate force between these regions. Overall emphasis will be on the complex physical processes that couple the solar wind on the outside, the magnetic field surrounding the planet (if any), and the planetary atmosphere or surface on the inside. Finally, using a combination of electron microscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray spectroscopy of meteorites and experiments on analogue-fluid reactions, we will provide the most detailed mineralogical analyses and formation models of martian meteorite carbonates and co-existing clays. From this, we will address the nature of martian hydrothermal crustal fluids, and test associated current models for the ancient atmosphere. Thirdly, key processes in the formation of the martian igneous crust, in particular the formation of the main melt types, will be constrained by modelling meteorite and lander data, enabling comparisons to differentiation on other planets.

我们提出了一个世界级的研究方案，重点是与我们的太阳系有关的两个主要研究领域。第一个涉及研究行星的外部环境，其中气体处于等离子体（电离）状态，这样它不仅感受到行星的引力，而且还与其磁场强烈相互作用。在第二个领域，我们将通过详细研究火星样本的成分，研究太阳系天体的起源和发展，以及对生命进化的影响，这将提供有关火星表面进化方式的信息，与水的相互作用，以及地表与大气之间的相互作用。第一个领域的先前工作表明，行星的外部环境变化很大，这取决于与外部不断从太阳吹来的等离子风的相互作用，以及与内部行星及其卫星的相互作用。太阳风很容易爆发，从而导致地球上出现磁暴和明亮的极光，并且在11年的太阳周期中以及随着与太阳的距离而发生强烈变化。它与行星的相互作用则取决于行星是否被磁化，是否有大气层，是否有活跃的卫星围绕其运行。我们将利用航天器数据研究靠近太阳的水星，它有磁场，但几乎没有大气层（信使使命），火星更远，有大气层，但没有强大的磁场，以防止其侵蚀的太阳风（火星快车和MAVEN），和地球在中间距离既有大气层，又有磁场（使用来自若干飞行任务（铱卫星星座、货车艾伦探测器、Arase）和地面设施（SuperDARN和SuperMAG）的数据）。我们还将利用新的朱诺号木星使命和卡西尼号土星探测器提供的数据，结合利用哈勃空间望远镜在紫外线波长和利用大型地面望远镜在红外线波长观测极光，研究强磁化的巨行星木星和土星。极光是由外部环境和上层电离大气之间流动的大规模电流引起的，这些电流在这些区域之间传递力量。总体重点将是耦合外部太阳风、行星周围磁场（如果有的话）以及内部行星大气或表面的复杂物理过程。最后，结合电子显微镜和同步加速器为基础的X射线光谱学的陨石和模拟流体反应的实验，我们将提供最详细的矿物学分析和形成模型的火星陨石碳酸盐和共存的粘土。由此，我们将讨论火星热液地壳流体的性质，并测试相关的古代大气的电流模型。第三，火星火成地壳形成的关键过程，特别是主要熔融类型的形成，将受到陨石和着陆器数据建模的制约，从而能够与其他行星上的差异进行比较。

项目成果

LatHyS global hybrid simulation of the BepiColombo second Venus flyby

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pss.2022.105499
• 发表时间: 2022-05-17
• 期刊: PLANETARY AND SPACE SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.4
• 作者: Aizawa, S.;Persson, M.;Murakami, G.
• 通讯作者: Murakami, G.

Editorial: Interplanetary medium variability as observed in the new era of spacecraft missions

社论：航天器任务新时代观察到的行星际介质变异性

• DOI: 10.3389/fspas.2022.1002727
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
• 影响因子: 3
• 作者: Alberti T

Spatially Resolved Neutral Wind Response Times During High Geomagnetic Activity Above Svalbard

斯瓦尔巴特群岛上方高地磁活动期间空间分辨中性风响应时间

• DOI: 10.1029/2019ja026627
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Space Physics
• 作者: Billett D

Constraining the Temporal Variability of Neutral Winds in Saturn's Low-Latitude Ionosphere Using Magnetic Field Measurements

使用磁场测量限制土星低纬度电离层中性风的时间变化

• DOI: 10.1029/2020je006578
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Planets
• 作者: Agiwal O

The Dynamics of Saturn's Main Aurorae

土星主要极光的动态

• DOI: 10.1029/2019gl084620
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Geophysical Research Letters
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Bader A