Social Psychological Correlates Of Occupational Conditio

职业状况的社会心理相关性

• 批准号: 6501251
• 负责人: Carmi Schooler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6501251
• 关键词: aging; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; human old age (65+); human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; occupational health /safety; occupational stressor; psychological models; self concept; social psychology; socioenvironment

This project investigates how socio-environmental conditions affect the psychological functioning of the elderly. It tests hypotheses about how, as one grows older, social-structurally determined environmental conditions such as complexity affect cognitive functioning, autonomous self-directed orientations and one's feelings about oneself and one's circumstances as well as mental and physical health. The data come from a follow-up survey of 707 respondents originally selected in 1964 as part of a nationally representative sample picked for an investigation of how occupational conditions affect psychological functioning. Findings in a paper published this year demonstrate that having substantively complex leisure time activities both affects and is affected by intellectual flexibility throughout the lifespan. Leisure time activities thus provide one of the mechanisms through which the environment affects the stability of intellectual functioning. In other analyses,we have investigated coping responses to health and financial problems. We have found that although the structure of emotional responses to these two types of stressor are similar, the effects of coping mechanisms differ: financially related coping mechanisms appear to affect overall distress, whereas some health-related coping mechanisms affect positive reactions specific to health status. In another set of analyses, we have shown that mastery, intellectual flexibility and self-confidence have reliable effects on health; in addition, health has a reciprocal effect on self-confidence. When we analyzed the long-term effects of these variables on disability-related difficulties we found that: 1) these variables affect level of disability over a 20-year period, and 2) the effects of these variables are more pronounced for disabilities involving gaps between and inability to fulfill the environmental demands of role functions than for functional limitations involving physical actions.

这个项目调查社会环境条件如何影响老年人的心理功能。它测试的假设是，随着年龄的增长，社会结构决定的环境条件（如复杂性）如何影响认知功能、自主自我导向、一个人对自己和环境的感受，以及心理和身体健康。这些数据来自于对707名受访者的后续调查，这些受访者最初是在1964年被选中的，作为全国代表性样本的一部分，被选中用于调查职业状况如何影响心理功能。今年发表的一篇论文的研究结果表明，在整个生命周期中，复杂的休闲活动既会影响智力灵活性，也会受到智力灵活性的影响。因此，休闲活动为环境影响智力功能的稳定性提供了一种机制。在其他分析中，我们调查了对健康和财务问题的应对措施。我们发现，尽管对这两种压力源的情绪反应结构相似，但应对机制的效果不同：与经济相关的应对机制似乎影响整体压力，而一些与健康相关的应对机制则影响特定于健康状况的积极反应。在另一组分析中，我们已经表明，精通、智力灵活性和自信对健康有可靠的影响；此外，健康对自信也有相互作用。当我们分析这些变量对残疾相关困难的长期影响时，我们发现：1)这些变量影响20年期间的残疾水平；2)这些变量的影响对于涉及角色功能之间的差距和无法满足环境要求的残疾比涉及身体动作的功能限制更为明显。