Basic Cognitive/neuropsychological Processes And Their E

基本认知/神经心理学过程及其E

• 批准号: 6671663
• 负责人: Carmi Schooler
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF MENTAL HEALTH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6671663
• 关键词: behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; brain injury; clinical research; cognition; computational neuroscience; environmental health; human subject; limbic system; mathematical model; memory; motor cortex; neuropsychology

This project involves the application of the SSES methodological approach to the study of basic cognitive and neuropsychological processes and their modulation by the environment. The primary focus of this research is the continuation and expansion of a longstanding collaboration with Dr. Jordan Grafman (Chief Cognitive Neuroscience Section NINDS) centering on the longitudinal Vietnam Head Injury Study (VHIS). Besides this work with Dr. Grafman, there have been two secondary sources of recent SSES publications and findings in this area: 1) the completion of data analyses of SSES experimental studies completed before 1998, 2) collaboration with other researchers in the application of SEM techniques to neuroscience data they have collected. A recent SSES papers based on the analyses of data from SSES cognitive psychological experiments carried out before we stopped conducting such research is Caplan and Schooler (2001. This paper investigates the cognitive processes through which complex environments have their effects. The findings indicate that complex environments encourage rule based learning and transfer; simple environments rote like learning and transfer. Working with Dr. Allen Braun of the National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD, we applied Structural Equation Modeling to investigate the functional coupling of regional cerebral metabolic rates, as measured by PET, in those with Tourettes Syndrome (TS) and normal individuals (2002). One finding of this delineation of the CSTC circuits and their interrelationships is the existence of functional connections between the motor and lateral orbital frontal circuits in both groups. A reversal in the patterns of these interactions, however, differentiated the patients and the controls; the activity levels in the motor and lateral orbitofrontal circuits were positively correlated in the TS patients and negatively correlated in the normals. These results lend further credence to the hypothesis that altered limbic-motor interactions represent a pathophysiological hallmark of this disease. Most of our collaborative research involves the VHIS. A recent paper (Herrmann, Schooler, Caplan, Lipman, Grafman, Schoenbach, Schwab, K & Johnson, 2001) used SEM to compare alternative theory based models of the structure of memory that differ in the types and numbers of core memory components that they postulate. The analyses utilized data already collected by the VHIS on normal controls and minimally brain injured veterans. This paper reported that for both the normal and minimally brain injured veterans, the SEM model that provided the best fit to the extensive (but not exhaustive) set of VHIS memory measures included four latent factors (verbal episodic, visual episodic, semantic memory and short term memory).

该项目涉及应用SSES方法论研究基本认知和神经心理过程及其环境调节。这项研究的主要重点是继续和扩大与Jordan Grafman博士（NINDS首席认知神经科学部门）的长期合作，重点是纵向越南头部损伤研究（VHIS）。除了与Grafman博士的这项工作之外，最近SSES在这一领域的出版物和发现还有两个次要来源：1）完成1998年之前完成的SSES实验研究的数据分析，2）与其他研究人员合作，将SEM技术应用于他们收集的神经科学数据。Caplan和Schooler（2001）最近发表了一篇SSES论文，该论文基于我们停止进行此类研究之前进行的SSES认知心理实验的数据分析。本文探讨了认知过程，通过复杂的环境有其影响。研究结果表明，复杂的环境鼓励规则为基础的学习和迁移，简单的环境死记硬背一样学习和迁移。我们与国家耳聋和其他交流障碍研究所（NIDCD）的艾伦布劳恩博士合作，应用结构方程模型研究了图雷特综合征（TS）患者和正常人（2002）局部脑代谢率的功能耦合，这些代谢率是通过PET测量的。CSTC电路及其相互关系的这种描绘的一个发现是在两组中的运动和侧眶额电路之间存在功能连接。然而，这些相互作用模式的逆转区分了患者和对照组; TS患者的运动和外侧眶额回路的活动水平呈正相关，而正常人则呈负相关。这些结果提供了进一步的可信度的假设，改变肢体运动的相互作用代表了这种疾病的病理生理学标志。我们的大部分合作研究都涉及VHIS。最近的一篇论文（Herrmann，Schools，Caplan，Lipman，Grafman，Schoenbach，Schwab，K &约翰逊，2001）使用结构方程模型来比较不同的基于理论的记忆结构模型，这些模型假设的核心记忆成分的类型和数量不同。这些分析利用了VHIS已经收集的关于正常对照和轻微脑损伤退伍军人的数据。本文报道，对于正常和轻微脑损伤的退伍军人，SEM模型，提供了最好的适合广泛的（但不是详尽的）VHIS记忆措施集包括四个潜在的因素（言语情节，视觉情节，语义记忆和短期记忆）。