The Effects of Jumping on Growing Bones

跳跃对骨骼生长的影响

• 批准号: 6546937
• 负责人: CHRISTINE M SNOW
• 金额: $ 22.62万
• 依托单位: OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-18 至 2007-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6546937
• 关键词: bone density; bone development; bone imaging /visualization /scanning; caucasian American; clinical research; diet; disease /disorder prevention /control; elementary school; exercise; femur; hip; human subject; human therapy evaluation; longitudinal human study; middle childhood (6-11); normal ossification; nutrition related tag; osteoporosis; photon absorptiometry; questionnaires; spine

Fractures related to osteoporosis continue to grow at an alarming rate, despite advances in bone biology and pharmaceutical treatment. The situation suggests the need for bold, new strategies for both the treatment and the prevention of osteoporosis. To be successful, such strategies must be based in a sound understanding of the relevant biological mechanisms and sufficiently simple and low cost to be applicable on a national scale to a broad segment of the population. Given that: 1) peak bone mass is an important determinant of fracture risk in later life; 2) up to 40 percent of peak bone mass can be influenced by environmental factors such as exercise and diet; and 3) childhood and prepubescence are the most critical time periods for skeletal mineralization, we conducted during the previous funding period what we believe to be the first randomized controlled study investigating the effects of a highly specific jumping program on bone mass in pre-pubertal children. We showed that 7 months of high-impact loading from jumping off two foot boxes was both safe and effective and resulted in 4.5 percent and 3.1 percent (p less than 0.01) increases compared to controls in bone mineral content (BMC) at the hip and spine, respectively. Moreover, after an additional 7 months of detraining, jumpers maintained a 4 percent greater femoral neck BMC (p less than 0.05). After detraining, the group differences at the spine, although positive, were not statistically significant. The exercise program was simple, practical and low cost enough so that it could be incorporated into elementary school physical education curricula. In this competitive renewal, we now propose to build on and extend these findings by determining: 1) if two sequential, 7-month high- impact jumping interventions can be used to increase bone mass even further; 2) if the increases in bone mass are again maintained after detraining; and 3) if the increases in bone mass observed in the subjects studied during the previous funding period continue to be maintained through puberty and into adolescence. As we have done previously, we will measure ground impact forces from jumping in individual subjects both early and late in the intervention, with the advantage now that dual force plates can be used to determine forces in each leg. Given the relatively stable nature of the Corvallis population, we believe that our program represents a valuable and unique resource for the long-term study of exercise effects in the developing skeleton. We also believe our program can serve as a model for exercise-based interventions that might be implemented successfully on regional and even national levels. Thus, if we continue to produce and maintain practically important and structurally significant increases in bone mass at the hip and spine in growing children, we believe we will have taken an important step toward the bold new strategies that are needed if we are to reverse the continued increases in the numbers of age- related fractures.

尽管骨生物学和药物治疗取得了进展，但与骨质疏松症相关的骨折仍在以惊人的速度增长。这种情况表明，需要采取大胆的新战略来治疗和预防骨质疏松症。为了取得成功，这种战略必须建立在对相关生物机制的充分了解以及足够简单和低成本的基础上，以便在全国范围内适用于广大人口。鉴于：1)峰值骨量是晚年骨折风险的重要决定因素；2)高达40%的峰值骨量可能会受到锻炼和饮食等环境因素的影响；以及3)儿童期和青春期前是骨骼矿化最关键的时期，我们在上一个资助期进行了我们认为是第一项随机对照研究，调查了高度特异的跳跃计划对青春期前儿童骨量的影响。我们发现，从两个脚箱上跳下7个月的高冲击负荷既安全又有效，与对照组相比，髋部和脊柱的骨矿含量分别增加了4.5%和3.1%(p<0.01)。此外，在另外7个月的停训后，跳高运动员的股骨颈骨矿含量增加了4%(p<0.05)。在停止训练后，两组在脊柱上的差异虽然是积极的，但在统计学上并不显著。该锻炼计划简单、实用、成本低，可以纳入小学体育课程。在这一竞争性更新中，我们现在建议通过确定：1)是否可以使用两个连续的、7个月的高冲击性跳跃干预来进一步增加骨量；2)是否在停止训练后再次保持骨量增加；以及3)在上一次资助期间研究对象中观察到的骨量增加是否继续保持到青春期和青春期，以此来建立和扩展这些发现。正如我们之前所做的那样，我们将在干预的早期和后期测量单个受试者跳跃的地面冲击力，优点是现在可以使用双力板来确定每条腿的力。鉴于Corvallis种群的相对稳定性质，我们认为我们的计划代表着对发育中骨骼中运动效果的长期研究的宝贵和独特的资源。我们还相信，我们的计划可以作为基于锻炼的干预措施的典范，这些干预措施可能会在地区甚至国家层面上成功实施。因此，如果我们继续在成长中的儿童髋部和脊柱产生并保持实际上重要的和结构上显著的骨量增加，我们相信我们将朝着大胆的新策略迈出重要的一步，如果我们要扭转与年龄相关的骨折数量的持续增加。