The Effects of Jumping on Growing Bones

跳跃对骨骼生长的影响

• 批准号: 7118697
• 负责人: CHRISTINE M SNOW
• 金额: $ 17.14万
• 依托单位: OREGON STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-09-18 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7118697
• 关键词: bone density; bone development; bone imaging /visualization /scanning; caucasian American; clinical research; diet; disease /disorder prevention /control; elementary school; exercise; femur; hip; human subject; human therapy evaluation; longitudinal human study; middle childhood (6-11); normal ossification; nutrition related tag; osteoporosis; photon absorptiometry; questionnaires; spine

Fractures related to osteoporosis continue to grow at an alarming rate, despite advances in bone biology and pharmaceutical treatment. The situation suggests the need for bold, new strategies for both the treatment and the prevention of osteoporosis. To be successful, such strategies must be based in a sound understanding of the relevant biological mechanisms and sufficiently simple and low cost to be applicable on a national scale to a broad segment of the population. Given that: 1) peak bone mass is an important determinant of fracture risk in later life; 2) up to 40 percent of peak bone mass can be influenced by environmental factors such as exercise and diet; and 3) childhood and prepubescence are the most critical time periods for skeletal mineralization, we conducted during the previous funding period what we believe to be the first randomized controlled study investigating the effects of a highly specific jumping program on bone mass in pre-pubertal children. We showed that 7 months of high-impact loading from jumping off two foot boxes was both safe and effective and resulted in 4.5 percent and 3.1 percent (p less than 0.01) increases compared to controls in bone mineral content (BMC) at the hip and spine, respectively. Moreover, after an additional 7 months of detraining, jumpers maintained a 4 percent greater femoral neck BMC (p less than 0.05). After detraining, the group differences at the spine, although positive, were not statistically significant. The exercise program was simple, practical and low cost enough so that it could be incorporated into elementary school physical education curricula. In this competitive renewal, we now propose to build on and extend these findings by determining: 1) if two sequential, 7-month high- impact jumping interventions can be used to increase bone mass even further; 2) if the increases in bone mass are again maintained after detraining; and 3) if the increases in bone mass observed in the subjects studied during the previous funding period continue to be maintained through puberty and into adolescence. As we have done previously, we will measure ground impact forces from jumping in individual subjects both early and late in the intervention, with the advantage now that dual force plates can be used to determine forces in each leg. Given the relatively stable nature of the Corvallis population, we believe that our program represents a valuable and unique resource for the long-term study of exercise effects in the developing skeleton. We also believe our program can serve as a model for exercise-based interventions that might be implemented successfully on regional and even national levels. Thus, if we continue to produce and maintain practically important and structurally significant increases in bone mass at the hip and spine in growing children, we believe we will have taken an important step toward the bold new strategies that are needed if we are to reverse the continued increases in the numbers of age- related fractures.

尽管在骨生物学和药物治疗方面取得了进展，但与骨质疏松症相关的骨折仍以惊人的速度增长。这种情况表明，需要大胆的，新的策略，治疗和预防骨质疏松症。为了取得成功，这种战略必须建立在对有关生物机制的充分了解和足够简单和低成本的基础上，以便在全国范围内适用于人口的广泛部分。鉴于：1)峰值骨量是晚年骨折风险的重要决定因素；2)高达40%的峰值骨量可受运动和饮食等环境因素的影响；3)童年和青春期前是骨骼矿化最关键的时期，我们在之前的资助期间进行了我们认为是第一个随机对照研究，调查了一个高度特定的跳跃项目对青春期前儿童骨量的影响。我们发现，7个月的高冲击负荷既安全又有效，与对照组相比，髋部和脊柱的骨矿物质含量（BMC）分别增加了4.5%和3.1% （p < 0.01）。此外，在另外7个月的去训练后，跳绳运动员的股骨颈BMC增加了4% （p < 0.05）。去训练后，脊柱组间差异虽为阳性，但无统计学意义。该运动方案简单实用，费用低廉，可纳入小学体育教学课程。在这个竞争性更新中，我们现在建议通过确定：1)是否可以使用两个连续的，7个月的高冲击力跳跃干预来进一步增加骨量；2)去训练后骨量的增加再次维持；3)如果在之前的资助期内观察到的骨量的增加在青春期和进入青春期期间继续保持。正如我们之前所做的那样，我们将在干预的早期和后期测量个体受试者跳跃时的地面冲击力，现在的优势是可以使用双力板来确定每条腿的力。考虑到Corvallis人群相对稳定的性质，我们相信我们的项目为长期研究运动对骨骼发育的影响提供了宝贵而独特的资源。我们也相信，我们的项目可以作为基于锻炼的干预措施的典范，在地区甚至国家层面上成功实施。因此，如果我们继续生产和维持在成长中的儿童髋部和脊柱的骨量的实际重要和结构上的显著增加，我们相信我们将朝着大胆的新策略迈出重要的一步，如果我们要扭转与年龄有关的骨折数量的持续增加。