Assuring quantum randomness from simple optical measurements

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Random numbers are a fundamental part of science and technology, being especially relevant forcryptography, gaming, simulations or statistics. Quantum random number generators (QRNG) rely onthe intrinsic randomness of quantum mechanics to generate true and unpredictable random numbers,unachievable from the classical physics perspective. Methods and protocols to certify and quantifythe randomness in the output of a quantum system are a current subject of intensive research. Inthis thesis, we focus on the emergent field of quantum random number generation proposing two semidevice-independent schemes to harvest quantum entropy while discussing in detail their strengths andweaknesses. With the purpose of developing a certification protocol for these approaches, we thoroughlystudy the implementation of the photodetector and the possible vulnerabilities it might introduce inour approaches. Finally, we perform a proof-of-concept experiment to demonstrate the feasibility ofthe suggested schemes and experimentally investigate the correctness of the derived theoretical models.The results for these experiments revealed a satisfactory agreement with the theory and enabled us toextract 1.58 bits of quantum randomness per sample with an 8-bit digitisation out of our QRNG.