: Experimental Investigations of Dynamic Multiphase Flow Processes Using 3D Printed Micromodels. Attached you will find the summary.

多相流过程在天然多孔介质（如地下水开采、油气生产、地热能、地下能源和二氧化碳储存）中的应用研究是复杂的：1。1 .对输运现象背后的物理和化学过程缺乏清晰的基本认识；多孔介质中孔隙网络/几何形状的不确定性阻碍了流动特性的预测和物理上更准确的输运模型的发展。增材制造技术的进步为研究多相系统中与多孔介质不确定性无关的各种输运问题提供了机会。在孔隙尺度上，对于提高采收率（EOR）中的驱油和碳捕集与封存（CCS）中的二氧化碳储存等过程至关重要，精确的微模型可以3D打印，从而能够以可重复的方式设计流动路径进行实验研究。随着技术的充分发展，这可能演变为涉及3D打印岩芯的实验，以充分了解和控制孔隙几何形状。在这个项目中，各种多相过程（包括但不限于注入表面活性剂、聚合物或二氧化碳）将被可视化，并与预测结果进行比较，与预测结果的偏差有助于更好地理解，进而用于改进预测工具。将研究注射速度、粘度和润湿性（即两种流体界面与材料表面之间的接触角）等参数的影响，以及它们如何控制多相流状态（如粘性和毛细管指进、孔体填充、指后涂层）。通过3D打印技术本身，通过改变打印材料，其粗糙度或通过表面涂层，可以控制润湿性。该项目的长远目标是为孔隙尺度多相流的完全预测计算流体动力学（CFD）模型的发展打开大门。

The study of multiphase flow processes for applications in natural porous media (e.g. groundwater extraction, hydrocarbon production, geothermal energy, subsurface energy and CO2 storage) is complicated by both:1. the lack of a clear fundamental understanding of the physical and chemical processes underlying the transport phenomena;2. the uncertainties in the pore network/geometries in the porous media, which hinder both, prediction of the flow behaviour and the development of physically more accurate transport models.Advancements in additive manufacturing technologies provide opportunities for studying the various transport problems in multiphase systems independent of porous media uncertainties. At the pore scale, which is profoundly important for processes such as oil displacement in Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) and CO2 storage in Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), precise micromodels can be 3D printed to enable experimental studies with designed flow paths in a repeatable fashion. With sufficient technology development, this could evolve into experiments involving 3D printed cores in full knowledge and control of the pore geometries.In this project, various multiphase processes including, but not restricted too, injection of surfactant, polymer or CO2 will be visualised and compared with predictions, and deviations from predictions can aid the development of a better understanding which in turn will be used to improve predictive tools. The impact of parameters such as injection velocity, viscosity and wettability (i.e. contact angle between two fluids interface and the surface of the material) and how they control multiphase flow regimes (e.g. viscous and capillary fingering, pore-body filling, post finger coating) will be investigated. Control of wettability may be possible using the 3D printing technology itself, through changing the printing material, its roughness, or through surface coating. The far-reaching aim of this project is to open the door to the development of fully predictive Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models of pore-scale multiphase flow.