Auditory temporal processes, speech perception and aging

听觉时间过程、言语感知和衰老

• 批准号: 6621048
• 负责人: Sandra M Gordon-Salant
• 金额: $ 31.41万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-15 至 2007-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6621048
• 关键词: aging; audiometry; auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cues; human subject; neural information processing; psychoacoustics; psychophysics; speech recognition

DESCRIPTION (PROVIDED BY APPLICANT): The project proposes a program of studies in speech perception and auditory psychophysics to examine the hypothesis that many of the predominant difficulties in speech understanding for elderly listeners are related to underlying problems in auditory temporal processing. Of the many forms of degraded speech observed to be difficult for elderly listeners, those that involve an alteration of speech rate appear to produce the largest age-related recognition deficits. Alterations of speech rate may be viewed as a form of degradation in temporal aspects of speech segmental cues and speech prosody, and these types of distortions are the focus of investigation in the next project period. Moreover, psychoacoustic results demonstrate that large age-related difficulties in temporal processing exist for the perception of auditory tempo and rhythmic characteristics of sequential stimulus patterns. Listener processing difficulty could be attributed to peripheral and/or central processing mechanisms, as well as various cognitive factors, including the degree of familiarity with prosodic features of different native languages. The project examines the relative contribution of peripheral hearing impairment, type of stimulus temporal complexity and cognitive demand on the processing of temporal segmental and prosodic cues in speech and non-speech stimulus patterns. The project comprises four stages of investigation, each consisting of a series of speech and non-speech discrimination and recognition tasks. Stages 1 and 2 investigate the sources of age-related differences in temporal sensitivity for discrimination and identification of speech and non-speech segments presented as isolated target stimuli or as embedded in sequential stimulus patterns. Stage 3 measures the influences of listener age on discrimination of temporal cues for prosody that characterize different languages. Stage 4 will examine psychoacoustic models of temporal processing and identify stimulus parameters contributing to age-related differences in understanding accented English. Participants in the project will include groups of subjects that differ by age and hearing sensitivity.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目提出了一项研究计划 在言语感知和听觉心理物理学中，以研究以下假设 老年人的语音理解中的许多主要困难 听众与听觉时间处理中的潜在问题有关。 在许多形式的退化语音中，观察到的老年人很难 听众，涉及语音率改变的听众似乎会产生 最大的与年龄相关的识别缺陷。语音率的改变可能是 被视为语音分段提示的时间方面的一种降解形式 和语音韵律，这些类型的扭曲是 在下一个项目期间进行调查。此外，心理声学结果 证明存在时间处理中与年龄相关的困难 为了感知听觉节奏和顺序的节奏特征 刺激模式。听众处理难度可以归因于 外围和/或中央处理机制以及各种认知 因素，包括对韵律特征的熟悉程度 不同的母语。该项目研究了 外围听力障碍，刺激时间复杂性的类型和 对时间分段和韵律的处理的认知需求 语音和非语音刺激模式的提示。 该项目包括 调查的四个阶段，每个阶段包括一系列演讲和 非言论歧视和识别任务。 第1阶段和第2阶段调查时间相关差异的来源 歧视和识别语音和非语音的敏感性 作为孤立的靶刺激或嵌入在顺序中的片段 刺激模式。第3阶段衡量听众年龄的影响 特征不同的韵律的时间提示 语言。第4阶段将检查时间处理的心理声学模型 并确定导致与年龄有关的差异的刺激参数 了解重音英语。该项目的参与者将包括小组 因年龄和听力敏感性而不同的受试者。