Auditory temporal processes, speech perception and aging

听觉时间过程、言语感知和衰老

• 批准号: 6621048
• 负责人: Sandra M Gordon-Salant
• 金额: $ 31.41万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-15 至 2007-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6621048
• 关键词: aging; audiometry; auditory discrimination; auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; cues; human subject; neural information processing; psychoacoustics; psychophysics; speech recognition

DESCRIPTION (PROVIDED BY APPLICANT): The project proposes a program of studies in speech perception and auditory psychophysics to examine the hypothesis that many of the predominant difficulties in speech understanding for elderly listeners are related to underlying problems in auditory temporal processing. Of the many forms of degraded speech observed to be difficult for elderly listeners, those that involve an alteration of speech rate appear to produce the largest age-related recognition deficits. Alterations of speech rate may be viewed as a form of degradation in temporal aspects of speech segmental cues and speech prosody, and these types of distortions are the focus of investigation in the next project period. Moreover, psychoacoustic results demonstrate that large age-related difficulties in temporal processing exist for the perception of auditory tempo and rhythmic characteristics of sequential stimulus patterns. Listener processing difficulty could be attributed to peripheral and/or central processing mechanisms, as well as various cognitive factors, including the degree of familiarity with prosodic features of different native languages. The project examines the relative contribution of peripheral hearing impairment, type of stimulus temporal complexity and cognitive demand on the processing of temporal segmental and prosodic cues in speech and non-speech stimulus patterns. The project comprises four stages of investigation, each consisting of a series of speech and non-speech discrimination and recognition tasks. Stages 1 and 2 investigate the sources of age-related differences in temporal sensitivity for discrimination and identification of speech and non-speech segments presented as isolated target stimuli or as embedded in sequential stimulus patterns. Stage 3 measures the influences of listener age on discrimination of temporal cues for prosody that characterize different languages. Stage 4 will examine psychoacoustic models of temporal processing and identify stimulus parameters contributing to age-related differences in understanding accented English. Participants in the project will include groups of subjects that differ by age and hearing sensitivity.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目提出了一个研究计划 在言语知觉和听觉心理物理学中， 老年人语言理解的许多主要困难 听众与听觉时间处理中的潜在问题有关。 在观察到的老年人难以说话的许多形式中， 听众，那些涉及改变语速似乎产生 最大的年龄相关认知缺陷。语音速率的改变可能是 被看作是一种形式的退化，在时间方面的语音分段线索 和语音韵律，这些类型的失真是重点， 在下一个项目期间进行调查。此外，心理声学结果 表明在时间处理中存在与年龄相关的大的困难 对于听觉克里思和节奏特征的感知， 刺激模式数据处理困难可归因于 外围和/或中央处理机制，以及各种认知 因素，包括对韵律特征的熟悉程度， 不同的母语。该项目审查了以下方面的相对贡献： 周围性听力障碍、刺激时间复杂性类型和 对时间段和韵律加工的认知需求 言语和非言语刺激模式中的线索。 该项目包括 调查的四个阶段，每个阶段都包括一系列的演讲， 非言语识别和识别任务。 阶段1和阶段2调查了年龄相关的时间差异的来源， 语音和非语音的辨别和识别灵敏度 片段呈现为孤立的目标刺激或嵌入在顺序 刺激模式第三阶段测量听众年龄对 区分不同韵律的时间线索 语言第四阶段将检验时间处理的心理声学模型 并确定刺激参数有助于年龄相关的差异， 听懂口音的英语。该项目的参与者将包括团体 不同年龄和听觉敏感度的受试者。