Auditory temporal processes, speech perception and aging

听觉时间过程、言语感知和衰老

• 批准号: 8020975
• 负责人: Sandra M Gordon-Salant
• 金额: $ 27.11万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-15 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8020975
• 关键词: Accent; Accounting; Affect; Age; Aging; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory Psychophysics; Characteristics; Code; Cognitive; Cueing for speech; Cues; Data; Discrimination; Elderly; Evaluation; Exhibits; Exposure to; Familiarity; Hearing; Investigation; Judgment; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Linguistics; Location; Measures; Memory; Modeling; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Process; Psychoacoustics; Relative (related person); Sensory; Series; Source; Speech; Speech Discrimination; Speech Perception; Staging; Stimulus; Stress; Structure; Theoretical model; Time; Uncertainty; Variant; age effect; age related; experience; hearing impairment; programs; research study; speech recognition; trend

The project proposes a program of studies in speech perception and auditory psychophysics to examine the hypothesis that many of the predominant difficulties in speech understanding for elderly listeners are related to underlying problems in auditory temporal processing. Of the many forms of degraded speech observed to be difficult for elderly listeners, those that involve an alteration of speech rate appear to produce the largest age-related recognition deficits. Alterations of speech rate may be viewed as a form of degradation in temporal aspects of speech segmental cues and speech prosody, and these types of distortions are the focus of investigation in the next project period. Moreover, psychoacoustic results demonstrate that large age-related difficulties in temporal processing exist for the perception of auditory tempo and rhythmic characteristics of sequential stimulus patterns. Listener processing difficulty could be attributed to peripheral and/or central processing mechanisms, as well as various cognitive factors, including the degree of familiarity with prosodic features of different native languages. The project examines the relative contribution of peripheral hearing impairment, type of stimulus temporal complexity and cognitive demand on the processing of temporal segmental and prosodic cues in speech and non-speech stimulus patterns. The project comprises four stages of investigation, each consisting of a series of speech and non-speech discrimination and recognition tasks. Stages 1 and 2 investigate the sources of age-related differences in temporal sensitivity for discriminationand identification of speech and non-speech segments presented as isolated target stimuli or as embedded in sequential stimulus patterns. Stage 3 measures the influences of listener age on discrimination of temporal cues for prosody that characterize different languages. Stage 4 will examine psychoacoustic models of temporal processing and identify stimulus parameters contributing to age-related differences in understanding accented English. Participants in the project will include groups of subjects that differ by age and hearing sensitivity.

该项目提出了一项言语感知和听觉心理物理学的研究计划，以检验 假设老年听众在言语理解方面的许多主要困难与 听觉时间处理的根本问题。在观察到的多种形式的退化言语中 对于老年听众来说很难，那些涉及语速改变的似乎产生最大的影响 与年龄相关的认知缺陷。语速的改变可以被视为时间退化的一种形式 语音片段线索和语音韵律方面，这些类型的扭曲是研究的重点 在下一个项目期间。此外，心理声学结果表明，与年龄相关的巨大困难 时间处理的存在是为了感知听觉节奏和顺序的节奏特征 刺激模式。侦听器处理困难可能归因于外围和/或中央处理 机制，以及各种认知因素，包括对韵律特征的熟悉程度 不同的母语。该项目研究了周围听力障碍、类型的相对影响 刺激时间复杂性和认知需求对时间片段和韵律处理的影响 言语和非言语刺激模式中的线索。该项目包括四个调查阶段，每个阶段 包括一系列语音和非语音辨别和识别任务。第一阶段和第二阶段调查 言语和识别的时间敏感性与年龄相关的差异的来源 非语音片段呈现为孤立的目标刺激或嵌入到连续刺激模式中。第三阶段 测量听众年龄对表征不同韵律的时间线索的辨别的影响 语言。第四阶段将检查时间处理的心理声学模型并识别刺激参数 导致在理解带口音的英语方面存在与年龄相关的差异。该项目的参与者将包括 年龄和听力敏感性不同的受试者组。