Auditory temporal processes, speech perception and aging

听觉时间过程、言语感知和衰老

• 批准号: 8020975
• 负责人: Sandra M Gordon-Salant
• 金额: $ 27.11万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-15 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8020975
• 关键词: Accent; Accounting; Affect; Age; Aging; Auditory; Auditory Perception; Auditory Psychophysics; Characteristics; Code; Cognitive; Cueing for speech; Cues; Data; Discrimination; Elderly; Evaluation; Exhibits; Exposure to; Familiarity; Hearing; Investigation; Judgment; Knowledge; Language; Language Development; Linguistics; Location; Measures; Memory; Modeling; Outcome; Participant; Pattern; Perception; Performance; Peripheral; Process; Psychoacoustics; Relative (related person); Sensory; Series; Source; Speech; Speech Discrimination; Speech Perception; Staging; Stimulus; Stress; Structure; Theoretical model; Time; Uncertainty; Variant; age effect; age related; experience; hearing impairment; programs; research study; speech recognition; trend

The project proposes a program of studies in speech perception and auditory psychophysics to examine the hypothesis that many of the predominant difficulties in speech understanding for elderly listeners are related to underlying problems in auditory temporal processing. Of the many forms of degraded speech observed to be difficult for elderly listeners, those that involve an alteration of speech rate appear to produce the largest age-related recognition deficits. Alterations of speech rate may be viewed as a form of degradation in temporal aspects of speech segmental cues and speech prosody, and these types of distortions are the focus of investigation in the next project period. Moreover, psychoacoustic results demonstrate that large age-related difficulties in temporal processing exist for the perception of auditory tempo and rhythmic characteristics of sequential stimulus patterns. Listener processing difficulty could be attributed to peripheral and/or central processing mechanisms, as well as various cognitive factors, including the degree of familiarity with prosodic features of different native languages. The project examines the relative contribution of peripheral hearing impairment, type of stimulus temporal complexity and cognitive demand on the processing of temporal segmental and prosodic cues in speech and non-speech stimulus patterns. The project comprises four stages of investigation, each consisting of a series of speech and non-speech discrimination and recognition tasks. Stages 1 and 2 investigate the sources of age-related differences in temporal sensitivity for discriminationand identification of speech and non-speech segments presented as isolated target stimuli or as embedded in sequential stimulus patterns. Stage 3 measures the influences of listener age on discrimination of temporal cues for prosody that characterize different languages. Stage 4 will examine psychoacoustic models of temporal processing and identify stimulus parameters contributing to age-related differences in understanding accented English. Participants in the project will include groups of subjects that differ by age and hearing sensitivity.

该项目提出了一项在语音感知和听觉心理物理学方面的研究计划，以检查 假说，老年听众的许多言语理解中的主要困难与 听觉时间处理中的根本问题。在许多形式的退化语音中，观察到 对于老年听众来说，很难改变语音率的人似乎会产生最大的 与年龄有关的识别缺陷。语音率的变化可以被视为暂时性降解的一种形式 语音节段线索和语音韵律的各个方面，这些类型的扭曲是调查的重点 在下一个项目期间。此外，心理声学结果表明，与年龄相关的困难 存在时间处理，以感知听觉节奏和顺序的节奏特征 刺激模式。听众处理难度可以归因于外围和/或中央处理 机制以及各种认知因素，包括对韵律特征的熟悉程度 不同的母语。该项目检查外周听力障碍的相对贡献，类型 刺激时间复杂性和对时间分段和韵律的处理的认知需求 语音和非语音刺激模式的提示。该项目包括调查的四个阶段，每个阶段 由一系列语音和非语音歧视和识别任务组成。第1阶段和第2阶段调查 时间敏感性与年龄相关的差异的来源 以孤立的靶刺激或嵌入在顺序刺激模式中的非语音段。阶段3 衡量听众年龄对韵律歧视的影响韵律的影响 语言。第4阶段将检查时间处理的心理声学模型并识别刺激参数 有助于与年龄相关的理解英语的差异。该项目的参与者将包括 因年龄和听力敏感性而不同的受试者组。