AUDITORY TEMPORAL PROCESSES, SPEECH PERCEPTION AND AGING

听觉时间过程、言语感知和衰老

• 批准号: 3120951
• 负责人: Sandra M Gordon-Salant
• 金额: $ 17.36万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-15 至 1996-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3120951
• 关键词: aging; auditory cortex; auditory discrimination; hearing disorders; hearing tests; human old age (65+); human subject; memory; neural information processing; psychoacoustics; psychomotor function; speech; young adult human (21-34)

The project proposes a program of studies in speech perception and auditory psychophysics to examine the hypothesis that many of the difficulties in speech understanding among elderly listeners can be attributed to underlying problems in auditory temporal processing. Research indicates that elderly listeners have particular difficulty understanding speech that is degraded by the presence of background noise, or by various forms of temporal waveform distortion (e.g., time compression, interruption, reverberation). The listeners' problems may be related to the effects of presbycusic hearing loss, as well as diminished processing capacity within central stages of the auditory system. The project investigates the problem with experiments that examine the relative contributions of age- related changes in peripheral hearing sensitivity, central auditory function, and selected cognitive abilities using speech and non-speech stimuli. The project comprises four stages of investigation, each consisting of a series of speech recognition experiments and psychoacoustic discrimination tasks. Stage 1. (mos. 1-16) examines relations between speech recognition with four types of temporally-altered speech and several psychoacoustic measures of temporal sensitivity derived with simple tonal stimuli; Stage 2. (mos 13-36) examines the influence of auditory central processing factors by varying the complexity of stimuli used in both the speech and psychoacoustic tasks; Stage 3. (mos. 32-48) evaluates the effects of task demands and selected cognitive factors on listeners' serial recall of speech sentences and non-speech sequential patterns; Stage 4. (mos. 49-60) applies discriminant analysis statistical techniques to formulate profiles of temporal processing abilities of young and elderly listeners. For each stage of the investigation, the independent effects of age and hearing loss on listener performance are evaluated by testing young and elderly subjects with normal hearing and matched degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. Subjects participating in the project will also be examined on educational and language background, physical and mental health, and otologic history.

该项目提出了一项语音感知和听觉研究计划 心理物理学检查了以下假设 老年听众之间的语音理解可以归因于 听觉时间处理中的根本问题。 研究表明 那个老年听众在理解语音方面特别困难， 存在背景噪声或各种形式的存在 时间波形失真（例如，时间压缩，中断， 混响）。 听众的问题可能与 老年听力损失，以及内部的处理能力降低 听觉系统的中心阶段。 该项目调查了 研究年龄相对贡献的实验问题 - 外围听力敏感性，中央听觉的相关变化 功能，并使用语音和非语音选择选择认知能力 刺激。 该项目包括调查的四个阶段，每个阶段 由一系列语音识别实验和心理声学组成 歧视任务。 第1阶段（MOS。1-16）检查 语音识别具有四种暂时性的语音和几种类型的语音 简单音调得出的时间灵敏度的心理声学测量 刺激；第2阶段。（MOS 13-36）检查了听觉中央的影响 通过改变两者中使用的刺激的复杂性来处理因素 言语和心理声音任务；第3阶段（MOS。32-48）评估 任务需求的影响和选定的认知因素对听众的串行的影响 召回语音句子和非语音顺序模式；第4阶段。 （MOS。49-60）将判别分析统计技术应用于 制定年轻和老年人的时间处理能力的概况 听众。 对于调查的每个阶段， 通过测试年轻，评估了听众表现的年龄和听力损失 以及正常听力和匹配程度的老年受试者 感官听力损失。 参加该项目的受试者将 还可以在教育和语言背景下进行检查，身体和 心理健康和耳科史。