AUDITORY TEMPORAL PROCESSES, SPEECH PERCEPTION AND AGING

听觉时间过程、言语感知和衰老

• 批准号: 3120951
• 负责人: Sandra M Gordon-Salant
• 金额: $ 17.36万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MARYLAND, COLLEGE PARK
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1991
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1991-03-15 至 1996-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3120951
• 关键词: aging; auditory cortex; auditory discrimination; hearing disorders; hearing tests; human old age (65+); human subject; memory; neural information processing; psychoacoustics; psychomotor function; speech; young adult human (21-34)

The project proposes a program of studies in speech perception and auditory psychophysics to examine the hypothesis that many of the difficulties in speech understanding among elderly listeners can be attributed to underlying problems in auditory temporal processing. Research indicates that elderly listeners have particular difficulty understanding speech that is degraded by the presence of background noise, or by various forms of temporal waveform distortion (e.g., time compression, interruption, reverberation). The listeners' problems may be related to the effects of presbycusic hearing loss, as well as diminished processing capacity within central stages of the auditory system. The project investigates the problem with experiments that examine the relative contributions of age- related changes in peripheral hearing sensitivity, central auditory function, and selected cognitive abilities using speech and non-speech stimuli. The project comprises four stages of investigation, each consisting of a series of speech recognition experiments and psychoacoustic discrimination tasks. Stage 1. (mos. 1-16) examines relations between speech recognition with four types of temporally-altered speech and several psychoacoustic measures of temporal sensitivity derived with simple tonal stimuli; Stage 2. (mos 13-36) examines the influence of auditory central processing factors by varying the complexity of stimuli used in both the speech and psychoacoustic tasks; Stage 3. (mos. 32-48) evaluates the effects of task demands and selected cognitive factors on listeners' serial recall of speech sentences and non-speech sequential patterns; Stage 4. (mos. 49-60) applies discriminant analysis statistical techniques to formulate profiles of temporal processing abilities of young and elderly listeners. For each stage of the investigation, the independent effects of age and hearing loss on listener performance are evaluated by testing young and elderly subjects with normal hearing and matched degrees of sensorineural hearing loss. Subjects participating in the project will also be examined on educational and language background, physical and mental health, and otologic history.

该项目提出了一项语音感知和听觉研究计划 心理物理学来检验这一假设，即许多困难 老年听众的言语理解能力可归因于 听觉时间处理的根本问题。 研究表明 老年听众尤其难以理解以下讲话 因背景噪音的存在或各种形式的噪音而降低 时间波形失真（例如时间压缩、中断、 混响）。 听众的问题可能与以下效果有关 老年性听力损失，以及大脑处理能力下降 听觉系统的中央阶段。 该项目调查了 检验年龄相对贡献的实验存在问题 周围听觉敏感性、中枢听觉的相关变化 功能，以及使用言语和非言语的选定认知能力 刺激。 该项目包括四个调查阶段，每个阶段 由一系列语音识别实验和心理声学实验组成 歧视任务。 第 1 阶段（第 1-16 段）检查之间的关系 具有四种暂时改变的语音和几种类型的语音识别 用简单的音调导出的时间敏感性的心理声学测量 刺激；第 2 阶段（mos 13-36）检查听觉中枢的影响 通过改变两个过程中使用的刺激的复杂性来处理因素 言语和心理声学任务；第 3 阶段（第 32-48 节）评估 任务要求和选定的认知因素对听众序列的影响 回忆语音句子和非语音序列模式；第四阶段。 （mos. 49-60）应用判别分析统计技术 制定年轻人和老年人的时间处理能力概况 听众。 对于调查的每个阶段，独立影响 通过测试年轻人来评估年龄和听力损失对听众表现的影响 以及听力正常且听力程度相匹配的老年受试者 感音神经性听力损失。 参与该项目的受试者将 还要检查教育和语言背景、身体和 心理健康和耳科病史。